The Law of Moses had provisions for widows and orphans.
"At the end of every three years you shall bring forth all the tithe of your produce in the same year, and lay it up within your towns; and the Levite, because he has no portion or inheritance with you, and the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow, who are within your towns, shall come and eat and be filled; that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands that you do. (Deuteronomy 14:28)
There were many others like this. Israel was not always faithful to these commands however, one of the reasons why they were exiled and power taken way from the priests and pharisees.
-Tim-