Maronite Church: Knowledge, Encouragement, and Prayer

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Greetings,

I personally do not have access to the Anaphoras, and I do doubt that the original Maronite ones exist. A part of the enforcement by the Council of Trent Papal Legates was the destruction of those Maronite services and liturgical books that did not correspond to the Roman tradition. If you compare a Syriac Orthodox service with a modern Maronite service you can see the effect. Over time, the only acceptable liturgical books became those only issued by Rome and we have today what was done.

The Syriac Orthodox use some of the same Anaphoras (obviously they do not have the Anaphora of St. Sixtus Pope of Rome and such 👍) and probably in their near original form. They have near 80 anaphoras I believe, the Maronites at one time had as many if not more. I would advise looking up the Syriac Orthodox Anaphoras if you are still interested.

The Liturgy of the Apostles is an East Syriac liturgy.

Peace and God Bless.
WOW. I didn’t know there was so much variation. I’m only used to the Antiochian Orthodox Byzantine Liturgy, though I have attended a couple of Coptic Orthodox Liturgies, and one Armenian Apostolic Liturgy. I’ll look into the Western Syriac Orthodox Liturgy. Thanks. Your Church is always in my prayers and heart.
 
Greetings,

Pardon the wait, I finally acquired the ability to scan the article on the history of the Latinization of the Maronite Church. The title is Maronite Rite: History of Romanization, it is approx. 9 pages long (though they are small pages), and is chronological.

I personally believe this is a fair view of the history, as it simply restates the facts rather than speculation. Again, I ask for this not to be used as a means to attack the Latin Church.

If you wish a copy of the document, please PM me with an email address you are comfortable with and I can send it off to you.

Peace and God Bless.
 
Hello,

With regard to Latinizations and the reversal from them, I think that the Maronite Church is progressing nicely. I can tell a big difference since even the 1980’s and 90’s - going back to more Syriac traditions, vestments, devotions, art and architecture, etc. There is still aways to go probably, and they will probably never get rid of everything that was introduced from the Latin Church. But, I also don’t think that absolutely all Latinizations are bad. I think that there can and should be some amount of intermingling between the rites. How much and of what nature these things that are good to exchange between the rites would make a good and interesting article or book.
The epiclesis is tremendously important to Syriac theology, as evidenced by the other Syriac churches and the old Maronite Missal that the Latins had altered.
During a recent sermon, the Maronite priest touched on this importance. He said that the epiclesis is the only time in the Maronite Liturgy that the priest kneels. Not even during the Institutive Narrative - only during the epiclesis, the calling down of the Holy Spirit.
The Syriac Orthodox use some of the same Anaphoras (obviously they do not have the Anaphora of St. Sixtus Pope of Rome and such 👍) and probably in their near original form. They have near 80 anaphoras I believe, the Maronites at one time had as many if not more. I would advise looking up the Syriac Orthodox Anaphoras if you are still interested.
I think that the current congregational books have four Anaphoras - Saint Sixtus, Twelve Apostles, Saint Peter, and Saint Maron (I’m guessing on this last one). Are there more currently or is that it?
 
Hello,

With regard to Latinizations and the reversal from them, I think that the Maronite Church is progressing nicely. I can tell a big difference since even the 1980’s and 90’s - going back to more Syriac traditions, vestments, devotions, art and architecture, etc. There is still aways to go probably, and they will probably never get rid of everything that was introduced from the Latin Church. But, I also don’t think that absolutely all Latinizations are bad. I think that there can and should be some amount of intermingling between the rites. How much and of what nature these things that are good to exchange between the rites would make a good and interesting article or book.

During a recent sermon, the Maronite priest touched on this importance. He said that the epiclesis is the only time in the Maronite Liturgy that the priest kneels. Not even during the Institutive Narrative - only during the epiclesis, the calling down of the Holy Spirit.

I think that the current congregational books have four Anaphoras - Saint Sixtus, Twelve Apostles, Saint Peter, and Saint Maron (I’m guessing on this last one). Are there more currently or is that it?
There are about 11 or 12 anaphoras.
 
There are about 11 or 12 anaphoras.
I believe the following anaphora are currently in use amongst the Maronites:

Anaphora of Saint James the Just

Anaphora of the Twelve Apostles

Anaphora of Saint John Maron

Anaphora of Saint Peter

Anaphora of Saint John the Apostle

Anaphora of Saint Mark the Evangelist

Anaphora of Saint Sixtus of Rome

My notes indicate that at various times the number of anaphora in use by the Maronites varied from as few as 6 to over 100. I don’t recall the source of the last figure and used to be a bit skeptical as to its veracity, that is, until I learned that the neighboring Syrian Orthodox officially have 70 anaphora.
.
 
I believe the following anaphora are currently in use amongst the Maronites:
  • Anaphora of Saint James the Just
  • Anaphora of the Twelve Apostles
  • Anaphora of Saint John Maron
  • Anaphora of Saint Peter
  • Anaphora of Saint John the Apostle
  • Anaphora of Saint Mark the Evangelist
  • Anaphora of Saint Sixtus of Rome
My notes indicate that at various times the number of anaphora in use by the Maronites varied from as few as 6 to over 100. I don’t recall the source of the last figure and used to be a bit skeptical as to its veracity, that is, until I learned that the neighboring Syrian Orthodox officially have 70 anaphora.
.
I think you are right with your list. I was wrong.
 
With regard to Latinizations and the reversal from them, I think that the Maronite Church is progressing nicely. I can tell a big difference since even the 1980’s and 90’s - going back to more Syriac traditions, vestments, devotions, art and architecture, etc. There is still aways to go probably, and they will probably never get rid of everything that was introduced from the Latin Church. But, I also don’t think that absolutely all Latinizations are bad. I think that there can and should be some amount of intermingling between the rites. How much and of what nature these things that are good to exchange between the rites would make a good and interesting article or book.
That is interesting, since Latin vestments are mostly mandated (except for monastics); not even the Patriarch uses otherwise. As for art and architecture, it is quite interesting to compare how this has developed. Newer churches are far more Wester, even back Home. Harissa Cathedral is beautiful, however, very different from Syriac tradition. I believe the entire church has suffered its identity in its embrace of Western art. To demonstrate, someone posted this on ByzCath recently, and this a consecration celebrated by the Patriarch at Harissa:

Patriarch Sfeir Consecration


It is an interesting comparison, some things aren’t changing, some things are, some things are becoming questionable.

The ‘local’ Maronite priest tells me that Eucharistic Adoration is on the rise, however, Stations of the Cross is dissipating. I know that the ‘local’ priest also has decided not to use Adoration anymore, which the parishioners did not seem to mind one way or the other. Other issues he says that might be changing, probably not as much here in the West due to the Latin-leaning bishops, but a firmer stance in not teaching Purgatory and an emphasis on the Dormition when teaching the Assumption. As for my experience in the West, most people I speak to do not even know what the Ninveh fast is, and do not follow the fasts.

I do not think Latinizations have a place in the Maronite Church. Tradition is tradition, why change it? Look at the harm it has done with dichotomies of theology and practice existing. It is very tragic, in my opinion. One should not have to walk into one Maronite church and here a priest teach Purgatory and the walk into another and here that is a Western tradition. Why should the Rosary take precedence over a prayer rope, or why should unleavened be used instead of traditional leavened? It does not make sense, except for conformity and an attempt to define Catholicity (which is ironic considering the attempt at universiality).
During a recent sermon, the Maronite priest touched on this importance. He said that the epiclesis is the only time in the Maronite Liturgy that the priest kneels. Not even during the Institutive Narrative - only during the epiclesis, the calling down of the Holy Spirit.
I am glad that some priests are now emphasizing this. I have met some fairly Westernized priests here, and sadly, they often dismissed such things as above.
I think that the current congregational books have four Anaphoras - Saint Sixtus, Twelve Apostles, Saint Peter, and Saint Maron (I’m guessing on this last one). Are there more currently or is that it?
There are more, as Heracleides demonstrated. Rumor has it that more Anaphoras are actually going to be introduced by the Synod, that is, ones that have not been used or not tampered with in a long while. Very encouraging. 🙂

Peace and God Bless.
 
Hello,
That is interesting, since Latin vestments are mostly mandated (except for monastics); not even the Patriarch uses otherwise.
Hmmm…:hmmm: Are you refering to what they wear as clothes, or their liturgical vestments. As for clothes, both of the two Bishops in the U.S. and the Patriarch wear syriac clothes:

http://www.stmaron.org/images/bishop.jpg

As for liturgical vestments, what do you consider Syriac vestments? I must plead a little ignorance as to what would be considered authentic Syriac vestments. I only saw one picture of Patriarch Sfeir in vestments and he was in Rome saying a Mass (that is what the website described it as, so I don’t know if he was using the Roman Liturgy or if the website was mistaken in terms) at Saint Peter’s for the repose of Pope John Paul II. So in that case, it may have been ‘when in Rome…’. The vestments that I have seen the local Maronite Priests wearing don’t look Roman to me - but I could be mistaken. Please give me some insight on the vestments.
The ‘local’ Maronite priest tells me that Eucharistic Adoration is on the rise, however, Stations of the Cross is dissipating. I know that the ‘local’ priest also has decided not to use Adoration anymore, which the parishioners did not seem to mind one way or the other.
I think a year or two ago, the two U.S. Bishops asked that instead of Stations of the Cross, that for the main Lenten devotional practice, parishes should use a more Maronite devotion - Benediction with the Cross.
I do not think Latinizations have a place in the Maronite Church. Tradition is tradition, why change it? Look at the harm it has done with dichotomies of theology and practice existing. It is very tragic, in my opinion.
Like I said earlier, this may be a difference of opinion between us. I think a certain amount of intermingling between rites is good and wholesome. We should not be completely isolated and shut off from one another. For instance, I personally think Eucharistic Adoration could be fruitfully used in every rite of the Church. And I think that the reintroduction of iconography from the East to the West is a good thing.
There are more, as Heracleides demonstrated. Rumor has it that more Anaphoras are actually going to be introduced by the Synod, that is, ones that have not been used or not tampered with in a long while. Very encouraging. 🙂
How much difference is there between the Anaphoras, other than wording and phrasing things slightly differently?
 
Yeshua,

Thank you for posting your article about the horrors inflicted upon the Maronite Church over the course of the last 800 years.

As I see it, de-Latinization (liturgical, spiritual, and doctrinal) is vital to the survival of the Eastern Catholic Churches.

God bless,
Todd
 
Yeshua,

I read most of what you wrote about the latinizations, and I don’t know what to say. I mean. I respect diversity I guess - but confessionals don’t particularly bother me, and the romanized maronite consecration is probably “traditional” by now. After all it has been used since the 1500s you said. I mean would the congregation even want it to be reverted?

Simply I don’t know. 🤷

Catholig
 
Hmmm…:hmmm: Are you refering to what they wear as clothes, or their liturgical vestments. As for clothes, both of the two Bishops in the U.S. and the Patriarch wear syriac clothes.
Oh, I am speaking of liturgical vestments only, forgive the absence of clarification. 🙂
As for liturgical vestments, what do you consider Syriac vestments? I must plead a little ignorance as to what would be considered authentic Syriac vestments. I only saw one picture of Patriarch Sfeir in vestments and he was in Rome saying a Mass…
No, it was not a matter of “when in Rome.” Latin vestments have been enforced for centuries and anything but those vestments seems counter-intuitive to “tradition” now. Some priestly vestments contain Syriac elements but they are mostly placed on a Latin template. Another example would be seeing Latin vestments with say a cedar of Lebanon on them. Syriac vestments greatly differ the Latin ones, however, one must take into account the isolation of the Maronites; it is believed that the Maronite’s vestments were abstraction of the Syriacs considering their historical context. However, these specific traditions are unknown due to the abolishment of them and enforcement of Latin liturgical vestments. I encourage you to look up the pictures of Bishop Monsour’s (the bishop you pictured) ordination in Lebanon; all Latin vestments. The video of the Patriarch at Harissa, all Latin vestments.
I think a year or two ago, the two U.S. Bishops asked that instead of Stations of the Cross, that for the main Lenten devotional practice, parishes should use a more Maronite devotion - Benediction with the Cross.
For the sake of not causing controversy, I will not comment much on this ‘Maronite’ devotion. This is probably worse than a Latinization; misshaping a Latin practice and calling it our own. Granted, it is not theologically damaging, but for what reason should be adopt a practice that is foreign to us when we have so much that needs to be addressed anyway?
Like I said earlier, this may be a difference of opinion between us. I think a certain amount of intermingling between rites is good and wholesome. We should not be completely isolated and shut off from one another. For instance, I personally think Eucharistic Adoration could be fruitfully used in every rite of the Church. And I think that the reintroduction of iconography from the East to the West is a good thing.
I think that is a noble endeavor, yet it is not conducive to bearing tradition and can lead to theological confusion and identity. For instance, Eucharistic Adoration is counter-intuitive to the entire bearing and purpose of the Holy Qorbono (Holy Offering, or Meal). It is beautiful that one would want to share in the presence of Christ, however, Syriac spirituality does not limit His presence to one devotional.

Also, I believe that keeping one’s traditions to one’s tradition does not isolate and shut off, quite the contrary, in my opinion. Let us be honest, we speak of intermingling between rites, the only intermingling is Roman tradition amongst the Eastern Churches, no Eastern practices have been adapted by the Latins en masse as traditions of their own. Perhaps the Latin Church should adopt leavened bread, share some Syriac and Byzantine vestments, use a Maronite anaphora or two, some Coptic icons, and then we discuss an honest intermingling between rites (I am pleasantly being feciscious and of course do not agree with what I say, but my point is there 😃 ). This is the type of honesty I believe has to be admitted to understand why a return to tradition is important.

Byzantine style Western icons were being written up the Renaissance (one of my personal favorites is of St. Francis of Assisi). For what we can say it is but another tradition of your own church, simply an origin for the Western art you know practice with. Latin traditions are not our original traditions, so a reintroduction is mute. The fact is, the only ‘sharing’ of traditions has been Latin onto Eastern.
How much difference is there between the Anaphoras, other than wording and phrasing things slightly differently?
The wording and framing of the Anaphoras is what differs, as well as a fluidity between prayers, petitions, etc. One priest told me that the reason why we have fewer anaphoras now then traditional times was because the currently used ones were so similar and easily adapted for liturgical ‘correction.’ I have been weary of this claim for he is the only individual who has brought up this claim, but something worth researching.

(The article is coming, I did something wrong with the scan, one can hardly read it it is so small. Please bear with me a little longer…:o)

Peace and God Bless.
 
It seems that the Maronite Divine Liturgy is often referred to in Maronite oriented websites as the Mass.

Is this common use?
How traditional is it?
 
It seems that the Maronite Divine Liturgy is often referred to in Maronite oriented websites as the Mass.

Is this common use?
How traditional is it?
Traditionally, it is actually neither ‘Mass’ nor ‘Divine Liturgy.’ 😃

Translating as Holy Meal/Offering/Sacrifice the Maronite service is called Qorbono Qadisho. I believe ‘Mass’ is more adapted in English because of the association as Catholic.

Peace and God Bless.
 
As for having confession booths, in the Byzantine Orthodox Churches, and the Coptic Churches, the practice is face to face, no booth, confessing in front of the Icon of Christ, sometimes with the Gospel Book on a table ( Russian practice), I don’t know what the original Maronite practice was, but it could have been the same as ours.
 
Hello,
No, it was not a matter of “when in Rome.” Latin vestments have been enforced for centuries and anything but those vestments seems counter-intuitive to “tradition” now. Some priestly vestments contain Syriac elements but they are mostly placed on a Latin template. Another example would be seeing Latin vestments with say a cedar of Lebanon on them. Syriac vestments greatly differ the Latin ones, however, one must take into account the isolation of the Maronites; it is believed that the Maronite’s vestments were abstraction of the Syriacs considering their historical context. However, these specific traditions are unknown due to the abolishment of them and enforcement of Latin liturgical vestments. I encourage you to look up the pictures of Bishop Monsour’s (the bishop you pictured) ordination in Lebanon; all Latin vestments. The video of the Patriarch at Harissa, all Latin vestments.
I think I see what you are saying about the use of Latin vestments and/or the slight modification of them. But I am still complete unaware of what authentic Maronite vestments would look like. Do you have pictures of them?
For the sake of not causing controversy, I will not comment much on this ‘Maronite’ devotion. This is probably worse than a Latinization; misshaping a Latin practice and calling it our own. Granted, it is not theologically damaging, but for what reason should be adopt a practice that is foreign to us when we have so much that needs to be addressed anyway?
I would like to learn more. Perhaps you could PM me on this.
I think that is a noble endeavor, yet it is not conducive to bearing tradition and can lead to theological confusion and identity. For instance, Eucharistic Adoration is counter-intuitive to the entire bearing and purpose of the Holy Qorbono (Holy Offering, or Meal). It is beautiful that one would want to share in the presence of Christ, however, Syriac spirituality does not limit His presence to one devotional.

Also, I believe that keeping one’s traditions to one’s tradition does not isolate and shut off, quite the contrary, in my opinion. Let us be honest, we speak of intermingling between rites, the only intermingling is Roman tradition amongst the Eastern Churches, no Eastern practices have been adapted by the Latins en masse as traditions of their own. Perhaps the Latin Church should adopt leavened bread, share some Syriac and Byzantine vestments, use a Maronite anaphora or two, some Coptic icons, and then we discuss an honest intermingling between rites (I am pleasantly being feciscious and of course do not agree with what I say, but my point is there 😃 ). This is the type of honesty I believe has to be admitted to understand why a return to tradition is important.

Byzantine style Western icons were being written up the Renaissance (one of my personal favorites is of St. Francis of Assisi). For what we can say it is but another tradition of your own church, simply an origin for the Western art you know practice with. Latin traditions are not our original traditions, so a reintroduction is mute. The fact is, the only ‘sharing’ of traditions has been Latin onto Eastern.
I think I see where you are coming from with this. But like I said before, I don’t think I can agree totally with it. And as the motto goes - ‘if we all thought the same way about everything, this would be a very dull world’. 🙂
 
Wonderful discussion
As for the vestments of maronites…

If you click on the multimedia presentation and click on the picture of Bob Najjum (last photo square on the bottom of the presentation box, you will see a photo of a maronite priest before and after latinization, with beard and cassock and hat and without beard, cassock and hat…it is a pronounced difference…

it is a wwonderful presentation showing that the roanoke would be much less significant today without the contribution from our wonderful eastern mediterranean brothers and sisters!

rtonline1.roanoke.com/roatimes/special_sections/lebanon/day3.html

Another example of syriac vestments is right here

syrianchurch.org/bio/SyriacOrthodox/bio_AthanasiusTouma.htm

maronites probably had vestments identical to this or very close before 1600 A.D. (i doubt they all wore latin vestments until after the council of trent or even the 20th century in some cases, even though the crusades surely brought them some by the 12th)
 
maronites probably had vestments identical to this or very close before 1600 A.D. (i doubt they all wore latin vestments until after the council of trent or even the 20th century in some cases, even though the crusades surely brought them some by the 12th)
http://www.soku.org/images/dioscoros_luka_syriac_orthodox_bishop.jpg
Of course when looking at the first photo of Mor Athanasius Touma Dakkama on your link - fitted with a red roman cassock and roman collar and pectoral cross, and then looking at pictures of his ordination with the very lacy surplice… Some latinizations seem to have crossed over!
 
most interesting to see so many men with heads covered in church…

found a site showing the vesting of a syriac priest: sor.cua.edu/Vestments/index.html

I notice that current Maronite vestments parallel the Byzantine vestments (Phelonian, Epitrachelion, epimanikia, and zone), with romanesque miters, and an alb in place of the sticharion.

(St Ann’s Melkite has a good illo of Byzantine vestments, for comparison.)
 
Solely for information purposes here: Regardless of which particular Catholic Church one adheres to: Purgatory is Catholic DOGMA and part of Holy Tradition. One can view it from the view of “final Purification” or “Final Theosis.” But belief in purgatory, no matter the manner in which it is entitled is mandated for a Catholic by the Council of Trent; which anathematises all those who reject this doctrine.
 
Solely for information purposes here: Regardless of which particular Catholic Church one adheres to: Purgatory is Catholic DOGMA and part of Holy Tradition. One can view it from the view of “final Purification” or “Final Theosis.” But belief in purgatory, no matter the manner in which it is entitled is mandated for a Catholic by the Council of Trent; which anathematises all those who reject this doctrine.
Can you tell me please what that comment has to do with this thread? Not to mention that this thread is over 2 1/2 years old and should not have been revived in the first place.
 
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