Mass facing the people - why has it become so predominant?

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Vatican II never called for Mass to be said facing the people. As far as I understand, it was the General Instruction of the Roman Missal that called for it to be made possible. Even Eastern Rite churches who have traditionally celebrated their liturgies ad orientem have Mass facing the people now.

The chapel where we have our Traditional Latin Mass on Sunday has a beautiful high altar. However, after the Mass is finished, two people move the wooden table back in front of the high altar for the weekday Masses. I don’t know why the priest who says the daily Masses can’t do them at the high altar, ad orientem.

So why has Mass facing the people, which was never mandated by Vatican II, become almost universal now?
 
My guess would be because it gives the impression of “including” the people, because people have not been catechized to the extent they ought to be. They simply do not understand that ad orientem includes the people by having the priest face the same direction as the people, facing God.
 
So why has Mass facing the people, which was never mandated by Vatican II, become almost universal now?
The way the altar is set up in most church buildings is just an invitation, makes it seem as if saying mass facing the people is the natural way.

Further, when the priest is facing the people, its easier for the people to hear/understand him. Especially those folks who might be a bit hard of hearing.
 
Even Eastern Rite churches who have traditionally celebrated their liturgies ad orientem have Mass facing the people now.
Very few Eastern Rite Churches have Divine Liturgy facing the people as the norm. I know that the Maronites do now, for the most part. Some, but not all, Chaldeans do. For others, it is mixed, depending on location. If it happens in any of the Byzantine Churches, which comprise the majority of Eastern Rite churches, it is an anomaly and an abuse.
 
Sacrosanctum concillium calls for free standing altars, so that’s the root of it.
 
Sacrosanctum concillium calls for free standing altars, so that’s the root of it.
Is there more to this?

The Byzantine Rite uses a free-standing altar and the Divine Liturgy is celebrated facing “East”.
 
There was a push in academic circles in Europe to do this in the 1950s, and newly-built churches began to be built that way, particularly in Germany, Belgium and Holland. This apparently reached Rome, because the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal, released just before Vatican II opened–and the Missal used by EF communities today–includes a page that gives directions on how to incense both the traditional and free-standing altars. This type of celebration was still relatively rare, but it does show that the practice was growing.

ordorecitandi.blogspot.com/2012/07/1962-missale-romanum-11.html
 
Sacrosanctum concillium calls for free standing altars, so that’s the root of it.
I’ve read SC and don’t recall it calling for free-standing altars.

On the other hand, INTER OECUMENICI, *****Instruction on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy, *****a 1964 document from the Consilium of Sacred Congregation of Rites, did.
II. MAIN ALTAR
91. The main altar should preferably be freestanding, to permit walking around it and celebration facing the people. Its location in the place of worship should be truly central so that the attention of the whole congregation naturally focuses there.
Choice of materials for the construction and adornment of the altar is to respect the prescriptions of law.
The sanctuary area is to be spacious enough to accommodate the sacred rites.
 
I believe it was an experiment which, like many experiments, got out of hand.

I would personally love to see more ad orientem Masses regardless of which Missal is used. 🙂
 
I believe it was an experiment which, like many experiments, got out of hand.

I would personally love to see more ad orientem Masses regardless of which Missal is used. 🙂
+1

It would the eliminate the tendency for the celebrant to feel like he has to “engage” the crowd by whatever means necessary. I’ll say no more than that.

When I was a child, I never felt left out. I just thought it was normal. I mean, if I had to kneel and face the crucifix, didn’t everyone?

Of course I am used to the freestanding altars…it doesn’t particularly bother me in and of itself. But the “extra” dialogs sometimes do.

peace, and God bless all presiders, either way. I’m grateful for the Mass.
Liturgy is precious.
 
As Catholics, we do not merely attend Mass, we participate in the Mass.
Before Vatican II, it was not uncommon for some individuals to pray the rosary during Mass rather participate fully in the Mass.

The first part of the Mass is the Liturgy of Mass is the Liturgy of the Word, and second The Liturgy of the Eucharist. We are present at the Last Supper, at Calvary.

The priest also has fuller control of what is happening within the church when he faces the congregation. I have seen this in action at a parish to which I belonged.
  1. Case #1 An intoxicated individual rushed the altar. The priest placed himself between man and the altar until the ushers could escort the individual out of the church.It is only because the priest was facing the congregation and did not have his back turned that he was able to take this defensive stance of the altar.
  2. Case #2 A woman became ill during Mass. At the end of Holy Communion, Father was able to anoint the woman as the EMT’s rolled her out of the church. This was all done without any disruption to the order of the Mass.
I do not remember when the Mass originally historically turned from facing the congregation to the priest with his back to the congregation. The priest will continue to face the altar for devotions such as Eucharistic Adoration. This is as it should be.
 
I would just like to point out that the custom of the Church for many centuries has been for some Masses to be offered facing the people.

The 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia says, “[T]he fact [is] that in the fourth century the celebrant at Mass faced the people, and, therefore in a church with a western apse, [he] looked towards the East when officiating at the altar.” (Article: Orientation of Churches)

The same work also names several Roman churches where Masses facing the people are the norm because the Altar is on the Western side of the Church and prayer is typically made in them toward the East, where the people are gathered: “[T]he great Roman Basilicas of the Lateran, St. Peter’s, St. Paul’s (originally), St. Lorenzo’s, as well as the Basilica of the Resurrection in Jerusalem and the basilicas of Tyre and Antioch, reversed this rule [of having the high altar in the East] by placing the apse in the western extremity.” (ibid.)

1708 A.D. - Claud de Vert - “Suppose the end of the Church [is] East of the Altar. In this situation the Priest celebrating at the Altar with his face to the East, has his back to the people, who are in the West in the Nave, and turned like himself toward the East in praying. Necessarily then when he wishes to address them, he must turn and look at them. So that in Churches turned to the West, whose end is to the West of the Altar, the Priest saying Mass with his face to the East, consequently faces the people, who are placed in the Nave and praying toward the West (i.e. the Altar)…[In this case he] has no need to change his position to turn to them.” (Explication simple, littérale et historique des cérémonies de l’Église, in explanation of a place titled “Place du Celebrant a l’autel, regardant l’orient,” as translated in “The Church and the World, Volume 3” p. 49)

1577 - St. Charles Borromeo - “[T]he Bishop can decide and permit that [the altar] be built facing another direction, but in this case care must be taken at least that if possible it does not face north, but south. In any case the chapel in which the priest celebrates Mass from the high altar facing the people, in accordance with the rites of the Church, must face west.” (Instructiones Fabricae et Supellectilis Ecclesiasticae Book 1 Chapter 10, De Capella Maiori)

1570 A.D. - The Missale Romanum of Pope Pius V - “Si altare sit ad orientem versus populorum, celebrans versa facie ad populorum, non vertit humeros ad altare, cum dicturus est, Dominus vobiscum, Orate fratres, Ite Missa est, vel daturus benedictionem: sed osculas to altari in medio, ibi expansis & iunctis manibus, ut supza, salutat populum.” (Ritus Servandus Chapter 5 Paragraph 3)

Translation: “If the altar faces East toward the people, the celebrant facing toward the people, he does not turn his back to the altar when saying Dominus vobiscum, Orate fratres, Ite missa est, or when giving the blessing, but having kissed the altar in the middle, there extending and joining his hands, as above, he salutes the people.”

There are many more examples from Church History, but suffice it to say that offering Mass facing the people is quite traditional in many important Catholic churches, especially in Rome – though it was not the norm in most places until Vatican 2. I do not think the “facing the people” orientation became controversial until the 1950s, and this controversy only got bigger when the new Missal said that new altars should be made allowing “facing the people” in more instances. Some Catholics took this to be a step in the wrong direction, which I suppose is fine, but do be aware that the tradition of the Church has always allowed for facing the people and, in some cases, preferred it.
 
Because no one has ever explained the Mass.

As one of my friends said, Catholics learn their catechism by osmosis.

AND in the 1960’s they started applying touchy-feely to the Church.

WHICH IS WHY KARL KEATING GOT STARTED WITH CATHOLIC ANSWERS.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_apologetics#Terminology_and_origin

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeneutics
I think there is another point of view here. I grew up in the era of “clicking Rosary beads” while the congregation sat silently and watched the priests’s back. As I experienced it, it was precisely BECAUSE learned teachers and chaplains in the heyday of a strong parochial school system in the early '60’s DID explain the Mass, and that the Catholic congregation as a whole became more educated, that watching the priests’s back and struggling to hear a language no one understood no longer fed the desire to become more connected to both Christ and the priest’s actions.

To say that “no one has ever explained the Mass” is such a gross sweeping generalization that it merits no possible response.
 
The way the altar is set up in most church buildings is just an invitation, makes it seem as if saying mass facing the people is the natural way.

Further, when the priest is facing the people, it’s easier for the people to hear/understand him. Especially those folks who might be a bit hard of hearing.
As FYI
  1. the altars being tables is a more recent reintroduction. For a long time, the altars were against the back wall of the sanctuary or back wall for the altar was created.
  2. allowing people to hear the priest might have been a thought, but microphones were used during pontificate of Pope St. John XXIII (at least for the Homily). The priest doesn’t even have to be celebrating mass in the same room for people to hear him thanks to microphones. So people hearing him is not a reason.
 
The priest also has fuller control of what is happening within the church when he faces the congregation. I have seen this in action at a parish to which I belonged.
  1. Case #1 An intoxicated individual rushed the altar. The priest placed himself between man and the altar until the ushers could escort the individual out of the church.It is only because the priest was facing the congregation and did not have his back turned that he was able to take this defensive stance of the altar.
FYI - This didn’t help the Auxiliary Bishop in Newark who got punched in the face during Mass.

If we still had porters and altar rails this wouldn’t be an issue. The porter would have stopped the person and if not, the opening of the altar rail gate would have alerted the priest and everyone in the pews.
 
I think there is another point of view here. I grew up in the era of “clicking Rosary beads” while the congregation sat silently and watched the priests’s back. As I experienced it, it was precisely BECAUSE learned teachers and chaplains in the heyday of a strong parochial school system in the early '60’s DID explain the Mass, and that the Catholic congregation as a whole became more educated, that watching the priests’s back and struggling to hear a language no one understood no longer fed the desire to become more connected to both Christ and the priest’s actions.

To say that “no one has ever explained the Mass” is such a gross sweeping generalization that it merits no possible response.
Learning about the Mass was very much a part of my catechism. To make it easier to understand, and coinciding with Vatican II, the portable altar was moved forward so that the priest could celebrate the Mass facing the congregation, and the parts of the Mass could more easily be explained.
It needs to be noted that this was a military chapel. Not only were we tested on the parts of the Mass, we knew the different layers of garb worn by the priest,and the names of the items used during Mass. We also knew the difference between a permanent or stationary and a portable altar. Since the chapel was shared with non-Catholic denominations, looking for the light to see if the Blessed Sacrament was present became ingrained.

This was regular catechism where parochial education was not available.
 
FYI - This didn’t help the Auxiliary Bishop in Newark who got punched in the face during Mass.

If we still had porters and altar rails this wouldn’t be an issue. The porter would have stopped the person and if not, the opening of the altar rail gate would have alerted the priest and everyone in the pews.
The point I am making is that my parish priest was willing to place himself before the altar and protect it with his life. It is a small parish. Before the man could reach the point of the altar rails, the ushers were escorting him out of the church.
This particular priest, who escaped Vietnam, is no stranger to persecution.
Facing the congregation, he is well aware at all times what is happening during Mass.
 
I never did like the Priest facing the people. It becomes a closed circle, almost like a performance by the Priest. When Mass is celebrated Ad Orientem; we are all facing the same way offering the Mass up to God.
 
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