St. Thomas Aquinas treats of this question of fear in his “Summa Theologica” (IIa-IIae, Q.19). In this question, St. Thomas speaks about different kinds of fear of God (all of which have some good in them, but some are more perfect than others). The most imperfect kind of fear-- servile fear-- is that which fears God because of His punishments (this is imperfect, for it stems not from love of God, but fear of His punishments; nevertheless, there is still some good in this kind of fear, for it does recognize His power and authority). The best kind of fear, “filial fear”, is that fear which stems from love of God, as a Father, and fears offending Him out of love for Him. St. Thomas also recognizes that sometimes we experience a combination of these two kinds of fears (and the Saint calls this “initial fear”-- it is better than servile fear, but not so perfect as “pure” filial fear).
Here are some pertinent excerpts from St. Thomas’ treatment of this question:
“Just as hope has two objects, one of which is the future good itself, that one expects to obtain, while the other is someone’s help, through whom one expects to obtain what one hopes for, so, too, fear may have two objects, one of which is the very evil which a man shrinks from, while the other is that from which the evil may come. Accordingly, in the first way God, Who is goodness itself, cannot be an object of fear; but He can be an object of fear in the second way, in so far as there may come to us some evil either from Him or in relation to Him.” (IIa-IIae, q. 19, art. 1, corpus)
"We are speaking of fear now, in so far as it makes us turn, so to speak, to God or away from Him. For, since the object of fear is an evil, sometimes, on account of the evils he fears, man withdraws from God, and this is called human fear; while sometimes, on account of the evils he fears, he turns to God and adheres to Him. This latter evil is twofold, viz. evil of punishment, and evil of fault.
Accordingly if a man turn to God and adhere to Him, through fear of punishment, it will be servile fear; but if it be on account of fear of committing a fault, it will be filial fear, for it becomes a child to fear offending its father. If, however, it be on account of both, it will be initial fear, which is between both these fears. As to whether it is possible to fear the evil of fault, the question has been treated above (I-II, 42, 3) when we were considering the passion of fear. " (Summa Theologia, IIa-IIa, q. 19, art. 2, corpus)
In Christ, Son of God and Son of Mary,
BrotherAlan
“Jesus Christ is Lord!” (Phil. 2:11)