My question isn’t why aren’t Mormon’s considered Christian. My question is why are the ones called Christians (Catholic or Protestant) I described in the OP considered Christian when Mormon’s are not.
That’s a good question, and one that has crossed my mind on a number of occasions with respect to a number of issues, including the three you brought up. One difference in your original question is comparing individuals, such as particular politicians, with an entire religion, Mormonism. But the question remains even if we talk about churches rather than individuals. Why should a church that, by its doctrine and teaching, allows or promotes such things as you describe still be considered a Christian church?
I see a parallel in the formation of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. It stems in part from an occurrence in the Presbyterian Church in the USA:
The doctrinal decadence of the Presbyterian Church in the USA came to a head in 1924, when some twelve hundred leaders in that denomination affixed their names to the Auburn Affirmation. That infamous document denounced the infallibility of Holy Scripture as a “harmful” doctrine. It also stated as the conviction of the signers that it was unnecessary for a minister in the church to believe in the virgin birth of Christ, his bodily resurrection, or the miracles of the Bible generally. The precious doctrine that Christ’s death on the cross was a sacrifice by which he expiated sin and satisfied divine justice was further decried as but one of many theories of the atonement and nonessential to the faith.
opc.org/new_horizons/Kuiper.html
In 1935, Gordon Clark delivered an address that included this thought:
This, then, in brief is the situation conservative Christians must meet. Shall the truth of the Bible be upheld, or shall orders to support modernism be made the supreme authority over men’s conscience? This is no trivial matter; it is rather a life and death struggle between two mutually exclusive religions. One religion can without harm to its integrity reject the infallible Word of God, deny the virgin birth, repudiate Christ’s propitiatory sacrifice, and deny the resurrection. That religion will remain complete even if all these things are eliminated; but that religion is not Christianity.
opc.org/cce/clark.html
I have friends and relatives who are, or have been, members of ELCA congregations. With its ordination of women, its ordination of homosexuals, and other issues, members had to question, as Presbyterians did in the 1920’s and '30’s, whether they still had membership in a church that could legitimately be called Christian. The Methodist college I attended had a religion department staffed entirely of ordained ministers of the type who would introduce a course on the life of Jesus by holding up a Bible and saying their job was to help us discern the “historical Jesus” as we unpack “this book of myths and fables.” Despite the subject matter, I had no sense that I was in a “Christian” class.
I don’t think everyone has to be in the same organization to be Christian. Jesus once told his disciples that he who is not against us is for us. Matthew Henry, commenting on this, said, “If sinners are brought to repent, to believe in the Saviour, and to live sober, righteous, and godly lives, we then see that the Lord works by the preacher.” I’ve heard Methodist preachers deny the need for a savior because they didn’t believe in the concept of damnation (I should add that I’ve also heard Methodist preachers who are much more orthodox in their teaching). I see churches that, rather than call sinners to repentance, actually ordain people who openly and unrepentantly practice what the Bible calls an abomination.
I understand why some Christians don’t consider Mormons or Jehovah’s Witnesses, to name two examples, to be Christian, yet, as a former Mormon and one spent many months in weekly home meetings as well as attending conferences and services with Jehovah’s Witnesses, I can attest that in those organizations sinners are brought to repent and encouraged to live sober, righteous and godly lives; that the scriptures are honored as the word of God rather than as human writings made by personally and culturally biased men; and that they trust in the work of Christ as the basis for their salvation. Though I don’t share all their beliefs, I have a much easier time accepting them as Christian churches than a great many Protestant denominations that have adopted modernist, liberal views on both scripture and social issues.