But the difference is that the scientific community operates on an empirical basis of hypothesis, observation, and revision. It is not clear to me how societies are following this process in determining what is modest and what is not. It is not a scientific experiment in the same sense unless the previous societies have conducted experiments of their own on what is modest and what is not.
You are perhaps imagining in your mind a lab where participants come in and out.
Otherwise, if you consider just the important elements, i.e. goal, observation, revision, all these are what naturally took place in a culture. So yes, previous societies did conduct things that qualify as experiments. Unlike any conventional scientific experiment, this one was a continuous one which unfortunately ended with our abandonment of modesty as a core value.
Another thing that might be throwing you off is that the experiment in this case is that the takes place throughout the life of a person and then in the next and so on.
What values do society pass down that the Church does not discuss specifically?
Well, take even the basic idea of not going topless. That is not something you experimented with but something that was passed down to you as a standard.
The church doesn’t have a dogma or doctrine anywhere that you should cover your breasts.
I think what you have to keep in mind is that it is one thing to know the sin, in this case, immodesty. It is another thing to practically avoid the sin. The church, in cultures, did give good advice on how to avoid immodesty by tapping on to the traditional values. So if you are interested, you could read some old homilies from that time which do go into these issues in details and elaborate on the traditional values.
But the debate here doesn’t seem to be on where you can find these values. It seems to be on whether we should accept them. I have given reason to accept them based on the fact that it is the result of experience and wisdom of many over centuries in trying to uphold modesty.
You have presented an alternative to perhaps redo a similar experiment by yourself. I have shown why such an enterprise is unlikely to succeed and why we would not be reasonable in thinking your conclusions are valid over those that were made over centuries by an entire community.
So in the absence of any real alternative, why are you hesitant to go with traditional values?
And I have been clear about the judgment of competency of historical clothing. You still have not presented any reason why one should accept that historical societies have correctly determined what is modest and what is not.
Because given the possibilities, turning to traditional values seems the most reasonable.
The alternatives you have presented are infeasible and less likely to be true given your finite life span.
To return to my hypothetical, my daughter is still left wondering whether bare shoulders are immodest or not. She is precocious, and critical. An answer of, “Oh, well, our forebears thought so,” would simply be met with, “How do we know they were right?”
The problem here seems to be rather than the question posing any threat, your assumption that this question cannot be answered.
The answer is simple, we don’t know if they got it 100% right. But it is what we know so far from centuries of day to day living by many before us as they did their best to uphold modesty. So we go with that.
You could also point out to your daughter, as I have done to you, that she cannot figure this out for herself because she hasn’t lived even half of the time that the wisdom was accumulated in.
But yes, this takes humility and a real recognition and thought on how knowledge is gathered and how any standards can be made that are not of divine origin. We simply have to accept from the knowledge of others before us, refine it as we live our lives, and then pass it on.
And if you consider this question, it does not apply to morality in general – we have the Summa, we have Church teaching, we have philosophical discourse on a wide range of issues.
Yes we do.
If modesty is meant to prevent temptation into lust, I think it reasonable to ask how we know that a particular garment is problematic or not. The fact that a past society thought X, or that all societies did, is not an actual justification unless we also assert the infallibility of such societies, and at the same time provide a reason for how they arrived at their decisions.
See, I think you have been mislead to work with absolutes only I think. But when it comes to actions, there are no absolutes, just best decisions.
For an example, lets say one wants to prevent people from stealing. We know stealing is wrong with absolute certainty. But what we don’t know is how to best accomplish it. One can make a best decision based on what they know but their decision might not turn out to be the actual best (considering the possible options, probably God only knows the truth of all those possible counterfactuals anyway).
But what matters is one makes the best decision according to what they know. If it doesn’t work, refine it and pass it down to others.
This simple fact is all there is in this issue that we have been discussing the past couple of days.
(continued…)