Moral Imperatives without God?

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Tonitz

Ant that is what I mean by mere religion and going beyond it. Is it not obvious that there are far fewer believers by actual conviction than by habit? And while the routine of devotion and worship can bring one to the doorstep of spirituality,* it is a darn sight more work to live up to the lives of the Saints**.*

And how do you suppose the saints lived up to their lives: by believing that they must get beyond “mere religion,” or by being truly religious? :confused: Were Augustine and Thomas Aquinas and G.K. Chesterton victims of “mere religion” when they wrote their great tomes in defense of the faith? When C.S. Lewis credited Chesterton as partly responsible for his conversion, was he crediting Chesterton’s apologetics as “mere religion,” or was he thanking Chesterton for wakening Lewis up to the Christian faith that gave new meaning to his life?
 
Didn’t C.S Lewis, (one of my faves, btw,) write “Mere Christianity?” 🙂
 
He wrote “Mere Christianity” as a salute to, and defense of, Christianity; not a degradation of it!!!
 
This boils down to what Plato once wrote in the words of Socrates, namely, the Euthyphro Dilemma:
Is the pious being loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is being loved by the gods?
Is there an objective morality outside God, perhaps one to which even He must conform? Can morality be founded in a logical system without including God’s existence? I’d say it can’t ultimately, i.e., there’s no objectively adequate and consistent system which has both a justified morality and an absence of theism/religion.

This will conflict with common sense, though, because most opinions/knowledge, including most moral notions, are not expected to satisfy strict epistemic criteria for rational justification, like those of “internalist foundationalism”, which may require an individual to have all his beliefs founded in supporting beliefs that ultimately reduce to some immediately known, self-evident foundational knowledge. An atheist can arguably have a justified moral opinion, say, if it’s rooted in natural law, even if he lacks a perfectly complete justification (for natural law) in God. Likewise, Mother Theresa did not seem to need to be a philosopher in order to justify her knowledge of whether it’s good to help the sick.

There are two issues at hand. One pertains to an epistemology of the human mind; the other regards ontology and metaphysics. It’s easy to unconsciously make an unwarranted conclusion about the second from a fact that’s strictly related to the first, and vice versa.
 
Happiness, I feel, stems form belonging, which is an aspect of identity, or sameness in essence, the perversion of which is the kind of ownership which imbues objects with the power of granting happiness. The capitalistic “This belongs to me” is the practical antithesis of feeling happiness by identity in a way similar to the communistic “This belongs to everyone so you can’t have it.” This is why true happiness is often associated with accomplishment (being at one with an experience) or with belonging to a family, having friends, or union with God.

So while it is unlikely that virtue makes one unhappy, by feeling part of a greater good through action that promotes that good, or virtue, one certainly can be happy. This can be true even if that happiness has a cost associated with it.

Relative to atheism, then, while we as believers feel that the cause and end of our virtue is God, the atheist can yet feel the benefits of virtue, or happiness, within the paradigm of their vision. And sorry to say, I have seen such atheistic paradigms that were larger and more genuinely virtuous than the narrowly dogmatized rote religion of many. Religion by itself is not necessarily the source or refuge for virtue. Imo, one must go beyond mere religion.
While I’m sure there is some of identity that transfers into happiness, I’m not as sure as you are that that is the alpha & omega cause of human happiness. I think an unincorporated individual can be happy very easily. There are many cases of hermits and lost people who rather preferred not to be found. Now, you could counter that by asserting that there probably aren’t very many of them since most people, on this planet, live in group situations. All this means is that civilizations thereby limit the potential experience.

To some inanimate or, animate, objects can be a source of pleasure and happiness. But, again I’m not so sure that we can make this an axiom. There are those whence deprivation of objects is a source of happiness.

Union with God is a very different kind of source, as it is one devoid of sensory (name removed by moderator)uts. It’s source is rather from the knowledge of the feeling one obtains whenever one knows that he/she has been “good,” including having accomplished something good. Some sort of good is always at the end of our intentions and intentional actions. This is why even something as seemingly trivial as caring for an injured bird (despite that it dies) can easily be a source of happiness. And, even if you say, well that was a living animal and we have an identity with it too. I can go to the plant kingdom and find those that caring for a plant makes happy.

Virtue might well be another source, in these cases, since there may well be those who need isolation to remain in check. There are orders of Monks who, for all intents and purposes, remain out of touch with their compatriots all their lives. Of all of the creatures on earth, I think it is hardest to pigeonhole humans when it comes to sources of happiness. Far more people are complex, as opposed to superficial, in this regard. Although there are, indeed, the superficial ones.

I am interested to understand why you would limit the source to identity?

God bless,
jd
 
Why would I disagree with Jesus???

Many Catholics insist on the efficacy of their belief as an agent in dealing with the non belief of the other 2/3 of the world and even their fellow Christians of different mind in the same way a some people often seem to think that the other person has the same set of premises, perceptions, values, and experiences they do. In other words, they appear to require that the world is made in their own image and likeness and conforms to their interpretation of the group paradigm they hold. Is that useful in other than a self verifying way?

but if you are right, and everyone else is wrong, where do you go to to have some common ground? Do you simply advance the history of your belief, which is highly suspect in the eyes of many, or do you go to something that isn’t clearly a matter of faith and thereby try to establish some form of communication?

I’m quite convinced that more conversions have been lost by third party religious references than many sticks can be shaken at. To someone who doesn’t believe in Jesus, it matters not a whit that He is the Son of God. If it did, He wouldn’t have been crucified. But we crucify Him again and again by using Him as a weapon of intellectual assertion in so many cases.

Ant that is what I mean by mere religion and going beyond it. Is it not obvious that there are far fewer believers by actual conviction than by habit? And while the routine of devotion and worship can bring one to the doorstep of spirituality, it is a darn sight more work to live up to the lives of the Saints. Isn’t the news full of religious people who act in anything but a Christian way, giving ammunition to the anti-religious?

All your quotes are useful to those who are already in agreement. And they may have some value in piquing curiosity in someone who already has a mind to be interested. But if one insists that by themselves such quotes ought to have the power of converting heathens or even non Catholic Christians, it would be worth considering that there may be other factors involved.

So I’m not disagreeing by any means. That would be foolish. But all men and women are created in His image and likeness. So whether they attribute correctly in our eyes or not, they may yet be virtuous and enjoy to their capacity the benefits of those virtues. So why not start out from the premise of shared sonship as distinct from the usually innocent error of their ways. I mean, what chance would you have, Charlemagne, of being such a staunch believer if you were born in Iran, India, or China? Maybe you might be one of the few who receive such grace, but that is not the lot of most. Even after 2K years of effort, only 1/3 of the world is even Christian.

And I’d like to read what your application of Mark 16:16 is to that statistic. That’s quite a dynamic there if all those folks are ending up in hell along with everyone non Catholic from 2K years ago and from human history before that. What’s the point of making such simplistic assertions?

So the quotes you cite are very useful for the choir, and may be used as motivation, but even the Church lays down many circumstances where the kind of Baptism you seem to advocate here is not the sole way to salvation. And in Matthew’s lines here denial would seem to imply knowledge such as Peter’s. And look how he ended up! I just keep thinking about that admonition in sales that stems from a Biblical reference: “More sales are killed by the jawbone of an ***…”
You might want to look at the realistic numbers. It’s more like 2/3 of the world that believe: adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html

God bless,
jd
 
Why would I disagree with Jesus???

Many Catholics insist on the efficacy of their belief as an agent in dealing with the non belief of the other 2/3 of the world and even their fellow Christians of different mind in the same way a some people often seem to think that the other person has the same set of premises, perceptions, values, and experiences they do. In other words, they appear to require that the world is made in their own image and likeness and conforms to their interpretation of the group paradigm they hold. Is that useful in other than a self verifying way?

but if you are right, and everyone else is wrong, where do you go to to have some common ground? Do you simply advance the history of your belief, which is highly suspect in the eyes of many, or do you go to something that isn’t clearly a matter of faith and thereby try to establish some form of communication?

I’m quite convinced that more conversions have been lost by third party religious references than many sticks can be shaken at. To someone who doesn’t believe in Jesus, it matters not a whit that He is the Son of God. If it did, He wouldn’t have been crucified. But we crucify Him again and again by using Him as a weapon of intellectual assertion in so many cases.

Ant that is what I mean by mere religion and going beyond it. Is it not obvious that there are far fewer believers by actual conviction than by habit? And while the routine of devotion and worship can bring one to the doorstep of spirituality, it is a darn sight more work to live up to the lives of the Saints. Isn’t the news full of religious people who act in anything but a Christian way, giving ammunition to the anti-religious?

All your quotes are useful to those who are already in agreement. And they may have some value in piquing curiosity in someone who already has a mind to be interested. But if one insists that by themselves such quotes ought to have the power of converting heathens or even non Catholic Christians, it would be worth considering that there may be other factors involved.

So I’m not disagreeing by any means. That would be foolish. But all men and women are created in His image and likeness. So whether they attribute correctly in our eyes or not, they may yet be virtuous and enjoy to their capacity the benefits of those virtues. So why not start out from the premise of shared sonship as distinct from the usually innocent error of their ways. I mean, what chance would you have, Charlemagne, of being such a staunch believer if you were born in Iran, India, or China? Maybe you might be one of the few who receive such grace, but that is not the lot of most. Even after 2K years of effort, only 1/3 of the world is even Christian.

And I’d like to read what your application of Mark 16:16 is to that statistic. That’s quite a dynamic there if all those folks are ending up in hell along with everyone non Catholic from 2K years ago and from human history before that. What’s the point of making such simplistic assertions?

So the quotes you cite are very useful for the choir, and may be used as motivation, but even the Church lays down many circumstances where the kind of Baptism you seem to advocate here is not the sole way to salvation. And in Matthew’s lines here denial would seem to imply knowledge such as Peter’s. And look how he ended up! I just keep thinking about that admonition in sales that stems from a Biblical reference: “More sales are killed by the jawbone of an ***…”
Tonitz:

There is no question that there are many citizens of the earth that are not religious, in some form or other. But, as I pointed out to you in my earlier post, the numbers are not as you portray. On the other hand, being churched is habitual, as you correctly pointed out. And, what is more, some of the habitually churched might not be the followers of Christ that He asked for.

However, the mere fact that even those wayward Christians are attending their Churches and participating in some wise, and raising their children to go into the door with the goat overhead and come out of the door with the sheep overhead, may be enough to keep them close enough to make convictions as they get older, wiser, or nearer death. I believe that, generally, those who find themselves to be unchurched also find themselves embarrassed by their laziness. There are many dynamics at work here. So, I guess, not everyone has to be a Padre Pio throughout their entire lives.

In the following paragraph you say,

“An[d] that is what I mean by mere religion and going beyond it. Is it not obvious that there are far fewer believers by actual conviction than by habit? And while the routine of devotion and worship can bring one to the doorstep of spirituality, it is a darn sight more work to live up to the lives of the Saints. Isn’t the news full of religious people who act in anything but a Christian way, giving ammunition to the anti-religious?”

I am not at all sure you are right about the number of believers “by actual conviction than by habit”. I have been a member or guest of quite a few Churches (Catholic, primarily) over the course of many years and I have always been impressed at the turnouts. Again, I think that there are a myriad of reasons why most are not Saint-like. Mundane life is too darn hard. It makes one tired-out. Further, it turns one’s eyes towards other things that seem to be of a higher priority. Some times, too late.

But, Christ left His Priests in the Catholic Church. And, they have the power to “bind or loose.” That gives me great hope that I just might be a part of His sheep, despite my infirmities.

God bless,
jd
 
Tonitz

*So I’m not disagreeing by any means. That would be foolish. But all men and women are created in His image and likeness. So whether they attribute correctly in our eyes or not, they may yet be virtuous and enjoy to their capacity the benefits of those virtues. So why not start out from the premise of shared sonship as distinct from the usually innocent error of their ways. I mean, what chance would you have, Charlemagne, of being such a staunch believer if you were born in Iran, India, or China? Maybe you might be one of the few who receive such grace, but that is not the lot of most. Even after 2K years of effort, only 1/3 of the world is even Christian. *

You are switching the grounds of our discussion. We were talking about religion versus no religion. Then you bring in the other religions to complicate the question. Let’s stay on track.

Your view that some atheists are more decent than some Christians is true only to the extent that their sins might be less discernible than the sins of some Christians. But the way they fail most is the way that counts most. By rejecting God, not matter what other crimes you do not commit, you have committed a crime that is unforgivable if you die with it on your soul. God can forgive anyone on his deathbed any crime he has committed if he is truly sorry. Can God forgive an atheist who dies unrepentent? I think not. The atheist has chosen to be forever separate from God, and God grants his choice.

“He who believes and is baptized will be saved; he who does not believe will be condemned.” Mark 16:16

*And I’d like to read what your application of Mark 16:16 is to that statistic. That’s quite a dynamic there if all those folks are ending up in hell along with everyone non Catholic from 2K years ago and from human history before that. What’s the point of making such simplistic assertions? *

Now you are debating Jesus, not me. :rolleyes:

You apparently believe there is room in heaven for everyone, including atheists. But why would you force them to a place where they do not even want to be and the existence of which they have spent their lives denying? 😃

And why are you so intent on revising the words that come from the mouth of Jesus?
 
I have no intent of revising the words that according to the Bible came out of the mouth of Jesus. But I see that we don’t necessarily interpret them the same way, And you, being a convert, I have no doubt that you have a fervored understanding of what those words meant. And neither will you alter those understandings, as indicated by what I consider a consistent misreading of mine. I think that you and I are done on these pages. I only wish you all the Blessings you are capable of receiving from the Christ. Thank you for your attentive and enthusiastic answers and questions.
 
Tonitz

I have no intent of revising the words that according to the Bible came out of the mouth of Jesus. But I see that we don’t necessarily interpret them the same way,

Well, I don’t see how you could interpret these words differently than what they say. I have tried to imagine another interpretation, and I come up blank. When you say “according to the Bible,” you seem to imply that maybe the Bible misrepresented what Jesus said? In that case, you could attack any passage in Scriptures on the same principle. That way anybody could re-write the Bible, as Thomas Jefferson tried to do with all the Gospels when he revised them to exclude all the miracles and then pronounced the Gospels satisfactory to suit him.

But I think you are right to say we should stop here. We have approached a great divide. Good luck on your side of it! 👍
 
Isn’t it interesting that both sides of a divide, like the Continental divide, are yet part of the same Earth? And yet we use such things, although they are natural, as artificial distinctions for parts of an undivided whole. And sometimes we tend to loose sight of that undivided nature. I guess perspectives are influenced as to one’s “job” or one’s perspective, whether that is from a locale, a space station, or inside four walls, whatever they are made of.

I would also wonder if you have taken a thorough and years long look, even if amateur, at the exigencies surrounding Bible translation and interpretation and all the disciplines that may usefully apply? There is no doubt a place for a staunch faith such as yours and you are a happy addition to the flock for many. But I would hope for you that you do not think that you have arrived at a finality of understanding. As you do, if you do, grow in experience, you may yet come to have some questions similar to mine. Or not. But in any case, you will certainly make your own experience, as do we all. God Bless!
 
Tonitz

There is no doubt a place for a staunch faith such as yours and you are a happy addition to the flock for many. But I would hope for you that you do not think that you have arrived at a finality of understanding.

There is no end to our growth of understanding if we are open minded. Some things are easy enough to understand, and I don’t look for ways to get around them. When Jesus lays down the law, he does not equivocate or leave us wondering what on earth he meant. When some abandoned him, it was because they did not like what they heard. He did not call them back and offer a different interpretation of what he said, simply because there was no other interpretation to be had. He gave “a finality of statement,” and they had “a finality of understanding” … and went their way.
 
While I’m sure there is some of identity that transfers into happiness, I’m not as sure as you are that that is the alpha & omega cause of human happiness. I think an unincorporated individual can be happy very easily. There are many cases of hermits and lost people who rather preferred not to be found. Now, you could counter that by asserting that there probably aren’t very many of them since most people, on this planet, live in group situations. All this means is that civilizations thereby limit the potential experience.
I don’t counter that at all. That discorporation (sounds like Heinlein’s Martians, lol!) if successful yields a feeling of unity with God, or identification with God.
To some inanimate or, animate, objects can be a source of pleasure and happiness. But, again I’m not so sure that we can make this an axiom. There are those whence deprivation of objects is a source of happiness.
Since we are dealing with a variety of cases, of course you are right. But again, these generally go in the direction go simplicity and freedom from engagement in the material world, and whether avowedly so or not again go to identity with God.
Union with God is a very different kind of source, as it is one devoid of sensory (name removed by moderator)uts. It’s source is rather from the knowledge of the feeling one obtains whenever one knows that he/she has been “good,” including having accomplished something good. Some sort of good is always at the end of our intentions and intentional actions. This is why even something as seemingly trivial as caring for an injured bird (despite that it dies) can easily be a source of happiness. And, even if you say, well that was a living animal and we have an identity with it too. I can go to the plant kingdom and find those that caring for a plant makes happy.
If may be devoid of sensory (name removed by moderator)uts in its utter purity, but someone even of exceptionally elevated Sainthood still eats, tastes, sees, but all with newness. Even in Heaven, how would there be the singing of prases, etc without some sense of sense?
Virtue might well be another source, in these cases, since there may well be those who need isolation to remain in check. There are orders of Monks who, for all intents and purposes, remain out of touch with their compatriots all their lives. Of all of the creatures on earth, I think it is hardest to pigeonhole humans when it comes to sources of happiness. Far more people are complex, as opposed to superficial, in this regard. Although there are, indeed, the superficial ones.
Virtue is the practice which accompanies identity.
I am interested to understand why you would limit the source to identity?
Identity, in any sense, is at the root of experience. The prime identity that anyone claims is “I am” and qualifies it thereafter by a name, condition, occupation, etc. It has been said that Heaven is the sense of Union, while hell is the sense of separation.

JD, everyone without exception believes. But what? And regarding your link, that is the exact place I got my own statistic that only about 33% of the world is Christian, as I stated, whatever beliefs anyone else has, even of the “same” God. There are other sources which give the similar proportion of Christians, of which there are nearly 34,000 varieties by some counts, mostly negligible. But that makes us Catholics only about 1/5 of the population if you crunch the numbers. Given that stat and all of prehistory BCE, I would firmly hope that the alternate criteria of salvation are indeed efficacious, no?
 
Tonitz

*It is a Blessed thing to know that you and Jesus are one! *

Would that it were so! I’m afraid it’s not. My sins are legion. I would rejoice to be the last one out of Purgatory.

The moral imperative is what this thread is about. How do you get a moral imperative without God? And when you deny God, don’t you deny the very source and fountain of all grace and moral strength?

There is a well known heresy that we can be saved by ourselves very nicely, thank you, with no help from God, nor even a nod to our Creator. Atheists do not get a free pass into heaven because they “sincerely” do not believe in God. There is no such thing as sincere disbelief. Satan is the father of lies, and urges us to lie to ourselves as well as to each other. The atheist sins, just like the rest of us in ways too countless to list. Then he cuts himself off from remorse and forgiveness by denying both sin and the One who can forgive sin.

There may be Dr. Feelgood theologians who celebrate the fantasy of many an atheist in heaven. :rolleyes:
 
Without God, morality becomes nothing more than opinion or social attitudes that are subject to change with the spirit of the times and differ from culture to culture. In the Abolition of Man, C.S. Lewis points out that as man advances his scientific venture and is able to conform nature to his will, in trying to conquer nature he will be conquered by nature unless he maintains objectively moral value judgements. Nature will conquer man because when man is at the top of the world and so scientifically advanced his natural desires and isntincts (sex, food, envy, etc) will be all he has to entertain him.
Chesterton once said,

“All conservatism is based upon the idea that if you leave things alone you leave them as they are. But you do not.* If you leave a thing alone you leave it to a torrent of change*.”

Without God, moraliity will be whatever the time and place approves of. What ever is morally acceptable to grandma and grandpa isn’t guaranteed acceptable by my kids and so on. One reason I have faith in the church is because of it, moral judgements are determined by the most recent events in history, trends in society, scientific achievements, etc.

“The Catholic Church is the only thing which saves a man from the degrading slavery of being a child of his age”- G.K. Chesterton
 
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