Hi Ender,
This is an argument based on pragmatism, not morality,
If what you mean by morality is discovering how to behave so that we don’t anger gods, then my argument has nothing to do with morality. But that is not what I think morality is.
Pragmatism is not “what works” as a philosophy, it is more about figuring out HOW things work. “What something means”, “how something is used,” “what is the purpose of something,” “what something is”…all cash out to the same thing in terms of behavior. Morality functions to foster human flourishing through human solidarity, so from a pragmatists point of view, that is what morality is.
and allows for all kinds of behavior that conventional morality would disallow in the name of “human flourishing.”
Morality based on mandates from gods has resulted in behaviors such as human sacrifice that none of us would consider moral.
You would be correct that a perspective on morality as concerned with human flourishing would mean doing away with certain taboos such as for masturbation.
In fact, doesn’t this sound an awful lot like “the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few?” It would surely allow sacrificing a few individuals in order to help out society as a whole (where do you think the idea for human sacrifice came from?), which is not exactly what conventional morality (or the law) allows.
Societies generally have learned that though the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few, and it is important that we instill that value, it is also important that people choose to make sacrifices on their own rather than having such choices forced upon them. A society that does not value the individual does not encourage human flourishing. Wouldn’t you agree?
In lion prides, when a new male takes over, one of the first things he does is to kill all of the young kittens who are still nursing so that the (ex) mothers will mate with him. It seems objectively true that this behavior works very well for lions so, by your definition (that which is socially beneficial is moral), doesn’t this also make it moral? Are you ready to argue that morality exists among animals or do we need to look for a different definition of morality?
We don’t usually talk about morality for animals since they don’t have the ability to think about the causes of suffering and how to promote animal flourishing.
Finally, why should an individual care about what behavior is beneficial to society if that conflicts with what is beneficial to himself? Why should he be more solicitous about strangers than he is about himself and his family? I am happy to have you eschew cheating, stealing, and killing since it makes me safer but you provide no argument that would compel me to behave in a way that makes your life better and mine worse.
Virtually every society has come up with some version of the Golden Rule. It is hard to think of a more rational moral precept.
I would argue, by the way, that most societies throughout history have behaved just this way: inside the clan you were treated morally, outside the clan you were treated as not much different than an animal. That seemed to work for millennia … did that make it moral behavior?
No, though it may have been a necessary step in moral evolution. But here you can already see an expansion of consciousness as compared to your earlier “why should an individual care about what behavior is beneficial to society.” People have expanded their idea of personal interest from their selves, to their offspring, to their clan, to their village, to the country, to the world.
Best,
Leela