Father, who “ran” parishes before Vatican I, then?
Before Vatican I, parishes were not large corporate institutions as they are now. There were a number of things that were different inside the Church and outside of the Church.
Outside of the Church
The State interfered less in the affairs of private institutions. You didn’t have to worry as much as you do now about things like codes, law suits, access to the disabled, employment laws and things like that. All of those things cost money in order to keep up with them. One simple example, you need fire insurance. That costs money. To get that insurance, you need to meet certain codes. That costs money. To get that money, you have to engage in all kinds of fundraisers and you have to spend a great deal of time in financial administration. You can’t hand over financial administration to the laity. Canon Law no longer allows that. That’s new of as of 1983. Before that, there were lay boards that ran all of the temporal matters of the parish. This took a lot of the work load off of Father. It gave him more time for pastoral matters.
Inside the Church
When they started to have conflicts between the boards and the clergy, the boards were abolished and the pastor took up that work.
Parishes before Vatican II were not as complicated. They didn’t have a school, convent, religious education program, and 25 different ministries. Basically, the parish was a church with a rectory or a religious house attached to it. The ministry consisted in visiting the sick and the shut-ins. You didn’t have youth group, Catholic Ladies Society, Knights of Columbus, adult religious education, etc. Father did not have to take care of those things or train people to cover those areas. Today he does.
The population was much smaller too. Most Catholics lived in ghettos. You did not have 2500 Catholic families in a 25 sq mi radius as you do in the suburbs. The lived in apartment houses. People were often within walking distance of the Church. There were not as many issues with time of an activity and how to get there. Father did not have to rearrange his schedule because people could only come when they could get a ride to get there.
There were no evening activities in parishes. One reason was the absence of electricity. The other was often the weather. In some places, it was too cold.
Also, there were not as many parishes. Many people, especially in Europe, never belonged to a parish. There was a local Church for an entire town or there was a religious house where people worshiped.
The Church’s vision of the parish was very different. To a certain extent the model that we have in the USA and Canada is very uniquely our own. It’s a very complicated one. Like I said, it’s a corporate model. The Protestants have done better than we have in that regard. Their parishes are still more like families. They have less activities than our typical parishes have and they are smaller in numbers. This is also the case with Catholic parishes in Europe.
The chapel concept started to disappear after Vatican I. It’s still alive in certain sectors, but gradually dying out. It was a wonderful concept. During the 1970s, I was a graduate theology student friar. I lived in a house with 11 other friars. There was a single parish for the entire county. It was next door to the friary. There were chapels all over the county. The friars would travel to them. Those friars who were priests would alternate, one week at one chapel and another at the second.
The friars were in teams of one ordained and one non-ordained. When the ordained went to one chapel to celebrate mass, the non ordained went to another chapel to lead a Liturgy of the Word and distribute Holy Communion. Everyone came to the main parish for business matters, which were few. During the week, the friars were not on site. The chapel was closed or they would have one evening mass once a week. It was a hardship on the friars, because they were always on the move. It was easier than today’s parish, because there were not 12 “corporations” running simultaneously.
As I said, this is a Pre Vatican I model that has died out. One reason was that Vatican I was so poorly implemented that we had an explosion of priests. That sounds nice, but it was not. That was the population of priests that also got into a lot of trouble during the 60s and 70s. Those who didn’t get into legal or moral trouble often made life impossible for those around them. They didn’t belong in the priesthood anymore than you or I belong in a fish tank.
Bishops and superiors were caught by surprise when the problems erupted. They truly believed that the large numbers were a blessing, because it allowed parishes to do more things and have more activities.
As difficult as the workload may be, we have a much kinder, gentler generation of priests today. One of the things that we’re starting to see more of is that even diocesan priests are spending more time together and developing closer bonds with each other. They may not be as available to the parish, but when they are, the parish has a more wholesome person who does not exist in isolation.