Actually, we do not encourage abortion if it is a matter of 'the baby will not live very long." We do not oppose it if it is a matter of 'the baby will not live, period." If the baby has no brain, for instance…
Remember, we believe that infants who die at or shortly after birth are pretty much guaranteed all that heaven provides; the Celestial Kingdom.
Personally, I wouldn’t abort if I were raped, but that is a personal decision that I am long past having to consider. Rape victims are not encouraged to abort, but they are not blamed if they do, either; the resulting loss of life is on the head of the rapist. As for incest? Case by case. Most incest is the result of rape, y’know.
As for the other one…that the mother will die?
I’m sorry, but as far as I am aware the Catholics approve of that one, too. If the mother WILL die (as in an ectopic pregnancy or if the child must be delivered too early for the sake of the mother’s life) then the Catholic church has no problem with the idea. In those cases it isn’t a matter of trading one life for the other; it is a case of losing one–or losing both.
To be honest with you, I’m a little on the ‘don’t abort for anything but that the mother will die in five minutes if you don’t and the child isn’t going to survive either way’ side of the issue. The church as a whole is a little more understanding, but not by much.