Two problems with that statement. Firstly, it did NOT survive. Half way down the line it split down the middle between the East and the West, and later on with the Protestants.
That is a misrepresentation of what happened 'round about 1054, and also with respect to the so-called Reformation. Much of the eastern Church (but not all) did go into schism, but they retain almost identical theology to the Latin Rite. That schism is in process of being healed, less than a thousand years later. The arguments between east and west had a lot to do with cultural issues revolving around the break-up of the Roman Empire, rather than arguments about theology or authority, though those two things were also in there. As for the Protestant Reformation, that wasn’t just schism, but also heresy. The heretical sects DID break away, and of course continued to break up amongst themselves, and continue to do so today. That split is only 500 years old. We may yet see a lot of reunification, and in fact we are seeing signs of that now.
Secondly, what is the basis for your making that statement? When you say that if the Catholic Church did not have divine authority, it could not have survived intact as an earthly institution, you have to provide a viable justification for that statement… But to argue from that the Catholic Church must therefore have divine authority is simply not a logical deduction to make.
Actually, it
is logical, because no other hierarchical institution compares to it. While it is certainly
possible that factors other than divine authority and protection account for its survival, it is a FACT that, from the beginning, the Church has claimed for itself divine authority and protection. Whaddya know? It has survived, just like Jesus said it would. It survived the diaspora of the Jews after 70 a.d. It survived some 3 centuries of intense persecution, and the martyrdom of most of its leaders. The Church survived the collapse of the Roman Empire, and converted the invading peoples to Christianity, and taught them to live in cities. It rebuilt Rome. It survived the early heresies, any one of which should have torn it to shreds, given the nature of travel and communications in those days. It survived the schism between east and west, and the onslaught of the moslems. It survived the corruptions of the renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation. It survived the rise of nation-states and nationalism. It survived the Enlightenment, and Modernism, and the dismantling of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Papal States, the dissolution of the temporal power that it had held for centuries in Europe. It survived and thrived within every culture, every language, every continent, and continues to thrive and spread among the world’s peoples today.
It (the Catholic Church) only reformed itself after it received a rude awakening from Protestantism. If it hadn’t been for that, it is unlikely that it would have reformed itself.
I agree, that the Catholic Church of the 16th century waited too long to respond to Protestant heresies. OTOH, it
did respond, and did so very nicely, and recouped a lot of the losses in terms of people of Europe who returned to the faith. However, by that time, the rising tide of European nationalism and the power of kings had incorporated the new heresies as a method of weakening the Pope’s authority over them.
Also, by making that statement you are admitting that the Protestant Reformation was in part at least the fault of the Catholic Church (which it was). That means that the splintering of Protestantism is actually a fragmentation of the Catholic Church. Therefore it is not true that the Catholic Church had remained intact. It has fragmented through its own corruption.
I absolutely agree that the Catholic Church of the 16th century was the major contributor to the situations that gave birth to the Protestant heresies. The corruption within the Papacy, the worldliness of much of the priesthood, and many other things, contributed to this. The Church had opportunities to reform itself on the eve of the Reformation, but it failed to do so. And I agree that from a certain point of view, it seems true that the Catholic Church fragmented, but that isn’t my point of view. The breakaway sects renounced much of Catholic teaching, but the Church itself never did, and in fact refined and affirmed these teachings during Trent. It identified each of the many Protestant heresies, condemned them, reformed itself where reform was needed, and heralded a rebirth of Catholic piety that sent Jesuits around the world, converting people, preaching the faith, building up the Church and the Body of Christ. Now, 500-some years later, the Catholic Church is stronger than ever, while the Protestants are folding up, rent by fundamentalism, unable to cope with the modern, secular-scientific world coming into being because they don’t have a cohesive, authoritative mechanism to analyze it and respond to it.