It appear there were several covenants that God made in the bible.
- Noachic Covenant
- Abrahamic Covenant (General covenant – for all the children of Abraham)
- Isaaic Covenant (Specific covenant – for the children of Isaac)
Abrahamic Covenant
“Covenant of circumcision"
And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations.
This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee: Every man child among you shall be circumcised. (Genesis 17:9-10)
And Abraham took
Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house; and
circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him. (Genesis 17:23)
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Commentary:**
Ishmael is definitely under this covenant.
“The Covenant with Isaac”
And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.
BUT my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year. (17:20-21)
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Commentary:**
This word BUT, makes it appear that Ishmael is excluded from the covenant, it is obvious that Ishmael was circumcised thus part of the Abrahamic covenant, so it cannot mean that. This word BUT could mean, in addition to my covenant with the children of Abraham (which includes Ishmael), I will establish a special covenant with Isaac.
The Hebrew word being used for BUT is VAV which has several meaning “but, and therefore, also, then, yet”