Let me tell you right off, I know exactly what you mean. My mother is also from an Asian culture. I was raised never to show any disrespect or go against her wishes in any way. She tends to take any contradiction of her wishes as a personal insult, and she never forgets anything. I could never talk to her the way my American friends talked to their parents. It was unthinkable for me to “talk back” to her at all.
Some things, though, are worth making a fuss over. This is one of them. Do you really want a surgery you might be unhappy with, all to please your mother? Do you really want to change your face because of some misguided idea she has about how it will improve your life? Think about it. As a half-Asian myself, I find it sad that so many Asian women are getting this surgery to conform to some fictional “Caucasian” standard of beauty.
You need to stand up to your mom or she’s going to keep trying to run your life. Trust me on this one, I know. Obviously you are a very smart girl, you got into Notre Dame.

You have a bright future ahead of you, one in which you will need to be strong and make your own decisions. Some of those decisions may be ones your mother will not approve of, and you have to be ready for that. Believe me, I know this is easier said than done, but you have to do it.
Don’t try to use sophisticated arguments with her. The next time she brings it up, just calmly tell her you don’t want the surgery and you’re not going to get it, and leave it at that. Personally, if I were inclined to argue, I’d tell her it’s unfilial to change the face that she and your dad gave you

But I think being quiet and firm will be best here. If she pitches a fit, walk away. If she makes you go to the plastic surgeon for a consult, tell the doc that you don’t want the surgery. There’s no way they could do a surgery on you against your own will.
What about your dad? What does he think about this whole mess?