I appreciate everyone’s responses, though they don’t seem to exactly address my question. Many modern brain scientists assert that our mental functions are based in the brain, including ones normally attributed to the immaterial soul, such as reason and free will, and many atheists now are using this as evidence to disprove the soul. I know they’re wrong, but I’m trying to find neurological grounds for disputing them.
I’m not sure this answers your question either.
Mental functions are “based in the brain” depending on what this means.
Close your eyes and the visual world disappears. Clearly, the nervous system is necessary to the formation of the experience.
The question of the relationship between “neurology and the soul”, lies in the reality that is the body-spirit unity of the person.
You open and close your eyes and you need a brain to “process” the event; but, it is only you who experiences it.
There isn’t one massive universal experience containing the totality of all these events; it is individual - we experience our lives as spiritual beings existing in relation to God and creation.
To know something, to think requires a spiritual structure which not so much forces brain cells to connect to one another, but is that aspect of a person that permits us to do this as
one mind-brain being.
A neurosurgeon. Dr. Eben Alexander, who clearly knows his stuff, wrote of his near-death experience. It makes for a very interesting read. One doesn’t have to buy into everything he says in terms of explanations, but as an account of who he was, is, the science involved and of his experiences, it rings true.
TLDNR - Scientism is a superstitious belief that matter can cause the supernatural.