No Aramaic Word for Cousin

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I submitted this question in “Ask an Apologist” but never received an answer, so I’ll throw it out to the general populace.

I was listening to Catholic Answers Live the other day and Fr. Vincent Serpa came on with a “Catholic Answers Minute.” I thought I heard Fr. Serpa make the statement that “Aramaic had no word for cousin.” (I admittedly may have misheard.) Anyway, I found this to be pretty shocking for several reasons. The first reason is that we moderns (of course) have no complete first century native-speaker lexicon of Palestinian Aramaic to be able to determine whether this is or is not the case. It seems to me that one perhaps might try to assert something like: “there is no attestation of a word for ‘cousin’ in Palestinian Aramaic”—but I don’t understand why someone who should be knowledgeable would make a such a positivistic statement for which no one could never compile supporting evidence. Quite simply, you can’t prove a negative in this case. Even if you combed through all the written sources, there would still be the possibility that in the spoken language, there was a word for cousin that never came up in a written context. Also, the blanket term “Aramaic” is pretty broad geographically and chronologically.

Based on a CA Forum search I see this assertion repeated quite often in threads (and even in a CA tract for that matter) but never explained.

The second part of my reaction has to do with the fact that Aramaic words for “cousin” can be quite easily located in places like the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (online) or Sokoloff’s A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. So I am curious as to why this never seems to be acknowledged or addressed by those who wish to argue the negative assertion.

I’m wondering whether perhaps this is just one of those canards (like the Council of Jamnia) that has been cited so many times that the idea just won’t die–regardless of whether it is correct or not?

Note that this is not a question or observation about the perpetual virginity of Mary, only on the assertion that “Aramaic had no word for cousin.”

Alternatively, if you can direct me to a thread that already discusses this, I would be appreciative.
 
I submitted this question in “Ask an Apologist” but never received an answer, so I’ll throw it out to the general populace.

I was listening to Catholic Answers Live the other day and Fr. Vincent Serpa came on with a “Catholic Answers Minute.” I thought I heard Fr. Serpa make the statement that “Aramaic had no word for cousin.” (I admittedly may have misheard.) Anyway, I found this to be pretty shocking for several reasons. The first reason is that we moderns (of course) have no complete first century native-speaker lexicon of Palestinian Aramaic to be able to determine whether this is or is not the case. It seems to me that one perhaps might try to assert something like: “there is no attestation of a word for ‘cousin’ in Palestinian Aramaic”—but I don’t understand why someone who should be knowledgeable would make a such a positivistic statement for which no one could never compile supporting evidence. Quite simply, you can’t prove a negative in this case. Even if you combed through all the written sources, there would still be the possibility that in the spoken language, there was a word for cousin that never came up in a written context. Also, the blanket term “Aramaic” is pretty broad geographically and chronologically.

Based on a CA Forum search I see this assertion repeated quite often in threads (and even in a CA tract for that matter) but never explained.

The second part of my reaction has to do with the fact that Aramaic words for “cousin” can be quite easily located in places like the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (online) or Sokoloff’s A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. So I am curious as to why this never seems to be acknowledged or addressed by those who wish to argue the negative assertion.

I’m wondering whether perhaps this is just one of those canards (like the Council of Jamnia) that has been cited so many times that the idea just won’t die–regardless of whether it is correct or not?

Note that this is not a question or observation about the perpetual virginity of Mary, only on the assertion that “Aramaic had no word for cousin.”

Alternatively, if you can direct me to a thread that already discusses this, I would be appreciative.
…actuallly there does exist distinct differences among the nations… as I understand it it is cultural (as with many variations) where the tribal life (value) did not necessitate a word other than “brother” or “sister.”

In the Dominican Republic “cousin” is used as a generic word to mean that we are all related (tiny island) by one source or another of the various ancestries (native, Spaniard, French, English, African…).

The best way to prove/disprove this factor is to seek those historical writings that have survived (which I believe that’s where the argument is based); there are several sites where you can check directly with the people that I believe have the greatest knowledge on this issue (not sure if Jews for Christ have an active site but you can start there).

Maran atha!

Angel
 
I’m not an expert in Aramaic by any means, but do the modern Aramaic dictionaries to which you’re referring use a single term (“cousin”) or a phrase (“my uncle’s son”)? That could tell us a lot…although it may not tell us what was in common use in 1st Century Palestine.

Different languages use very specific terms for specific family relationships that we don’t have in English, from which Linguists can predict the relative importance of family relationships. In Swahili, for instance, there are different, specific words used for “My father’s brother” and “my mother’s brother,” although we would use the same generic term in English for both, “Uncle.” This reflects an extreme importance placed on matrilineal and patrilineal lines of inheritance and authority in most Swahili-speaking cultures. Likewise, we may differentiate between “brother” and “cousin” in ways that Aramaic has been claimed not to, It sounds like the Aramaic term could be more adequately translated as “kinsman,” if it is true that there is no difference in use.
 
The Council of Jamnia wasn’t so much a “council” in the Christian sense as a center of Judaism in Jamnia for a while. It’s certainly a misleading term in modern English and has resulted in some inaccurate statements about a supposed synod of rabbis that met and decided to take some books out of the Bible or something like that.

Anyway, here’s a little video by another Catholic Answers apologist on the subject of Mary’s perpetual virginity that touches on the “cousins” idea a little bit:

youtube.com/watch?v=wWy3lUX6azU
 
I’m guessing what he said is there is no Aramaic word for brother (or sister) and that the word used is closer to our English word “cousin” (or kin). That is the root of the explanation of the verses that refer to Jesus’ “brothers and sisters”. That is an invalid translation - since there is no such narrow focused relationship word in Aramaic.
 
I’m not an expert in Aramaic by any means, but do the modern Aramaic dictionaries to which you’re referring use a single term (“cousin”) or a phrase (“my uncle’s son”)? That could tell us a lot…although it may not tell us what was in common use in 1st Century Palestine.
Actually, they list both types. For my own purposes, I’m certainly satisfied that such a word existed–my question is more about the logic of someone saying with a such a high level of confidence that it did not.
 
I’m guessing what he said is there is no Aramaic word for brother (or sister) and that the word used is closer to our English word “cousin” (or kin). That is the root of the explanation of the verses that refer to Jesus’ “brothers and sisters”. That is an invalid translation - since there is no such narrow focused relationship word in Aramaic.
OK–this seems like a different assertion than the one Fr. Serpa made–maybe even the inverse. So, are you saying that you know this to be the case? (That there is no strict equivalent for our idea for brother?) Or simply that this is how the argument works?
 
…actuallly there does exist distinct differences among the nations… as I understand it it is cultural (as with many variations) where the tribal life (value) did not necessitate a word other than “brother” or “sister.”

In the Dominican Republic “cousin” is used as a generic word to mean that we are all related (tiny island) by one source or another of the various ancestries (native, Spaniard, French, English, African…).

The best way to prove/disprove this factor is to seek those historical writings that have survived (which I believe that’s where the argument is based); there are several sites where you can check directly with the people that I believe have the greatest knowledge on this issue (not sure if Jews for Christ have an active site but you can start there).

Maran atha!

Angel
I’m no expert on this, but my understanding is that “brother” was used for a broad range of familial relations. Whether this was due to an absence of other terms or not, I can’t say. But I know that Abraham calls Lot his brother in Genesis 13, when Lot is his nephew. Laban does the same to Jacob in Genesis 29:15.

The clearest example is in 1 Chronicles 23:22, in which we hear that Eleazar had only daughters, and that these daughters married their “brothers.” Since Eleazar had only daughters, there’s no way those are actually their brothers.
 
From the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon:

Looking for “cousin” in the CAL database of entries

ʾḥwnh, ʾḥwntʾ n.f. hunt_ : cousin

1 hunt_ : cousin Man.

ʾnpsyws (ˀanepsīāws) n.m. cousin:

1 cousin Syr.

(I’m not sure of the notation, this might be Syriac Aramaic rather than Palestinian)

Looking for “brother” in the CAL database of entries

ʾḥ, ʾḥʾ (ˀaḥ, ˀaḥā [pl. ˀaḥḥīn]) n.m. brother

1 brother Com. --(a) pl.: siblings Syr.
2 kinsman OfA, , Qum, Jud. --(a) a royal functionary Palm.
3 one another PTA.

ʾḥh vb. to be made a brother

Dt
1 to be made a brother Syr.

ʾḥw, ʾḥwtʾ (ˀaḥū, ˀaḥūṯā) n.f. brotherhood

1 brotherhood Syr.
2 brethren Syr, JBA.
3 ܐܲܚܘܼܬܼܵܟ\ : you, my brother (a collegial ecclesiastical term of respect) Syr.

ʾḥwn, ʾḥwnʾ (ˀaḥōnā, ˀaḥōnā) n.m. little brother

1 little brother Syr.

ʾḥwnwn, ʾḥwnwnʾ (ˀaḥōnōn, ˀaḥōnōnā) n.m. little brother

1 little brother Syr.

ʾḥws, ʾḥwsʾ (ˀaḥōs, ˀaḥōsā) n.m. little brother

1 little brother Syr.

ʾḥwswn, ʾḥwswnʾ (ˀaḥōsōn, ˀaḥōsōnā) n.m. little brother

1 little brother Syr.

tlym, tlymʾ n.m. (twin) brother

1 (twin) brother PTA, Sam, JBAmag.

It’s a dynamic lexicon, but it looks like the same word was commonly used for both “brother” and “cousin” in the on-line lexicon you recommended, jcrichton. There may be an occasional or idiomatic word for cousin, but if the same word or root was used for both “brother” and “cousin” for this source, it would appear to support the Catholic apologists’ case…
 
It’s a dynamic lexicon, but it looks like the same word was commonly used for both “brother” and “cousin” in the on-line lexicon you recommended, jcrichton. There may be an occasional or idiomatic word for cousin, but if the same word or root was used for both “brother” and “cousin” for this source, it would appear to support the Catholic apologists’ case…
Actually, the fact that there’s a unique word in Syriac (even if it’s not Semitic) hurts rather than helps the apologist’s case. Moreover even if brother and cousin are from the same Semitic root, this is not equivalent to: “there’s no word for cousin in Aramaic,” which is the assertion that I’m trying to test.
 
I’m no expert on this, but my understanding is that “brother” was used for a broad range of familial relations. Whether this was due to an absence of other terms or not, I can’t say.
Right. I don’t think these are necessarily the same.
 
Anyway, here’s a little video by another Catholic Answers apologist on the subject of Mary’s perpetual virginity that touches on the “cousins” idea a little bit:

youtube.com/watch?v=wWy3lUX6azU
Thanks. I watched the video and Jimmy Akin repeats this same assertion (that there’s no word for cousin in Aramaic) but doesn’t explain the logic behind how anyone now would ever know with any reasonable assurance that was the case, then. But he’s also the author of the CA tract I referred to, so I guess he’s consistent.
 
It’s my understanding (which is admittedly limited) that the word translated as brother is like “kinsman.” It’s more a tribal designation. Your more specific relationship was designated by “bar” which could refer to your father, probably most familiarly, or to a well-known direct line relation through the father’s side. So it could be a grandfather or even further removed. A person could rattle off their “bar soandso, bar soandso, barsoandso” back enough generations to avoid any confusion between persons.

I’m going to assume (always dangerous) that in that time people in families/extended families lived in close proximity or even in the same dwelling. So, another way to specify someone is by their town, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jews had writing and they had it for a considerably longer time than many of the local cultures and it played a huge role in their development as a culture. They all knew who they were, they didn’t have much need for specific relationship deliminators. To avoid incest taboos, they only had to know who the offspring of their own parents were.
 
Actually, the fact that there’s a unique word in Syriac (even if it’s not Semitic) hurts rather than helps the apologist’s case. Moreover even if brother and cousin are from the same Semitic root, this is not equivalent to: “there’s no word for cousin in Aramaic,” which is the assertion that I’m trying to test.
Why don’t you contact Father Serpa and ask him what he said?
You can contact him in the Ask An Apologist forum or PM him.
 
Why don’t you contact Father Serpa and ask him what he said?
You can contact him in the Ask An Apologist forum or PM him.
As I explained in the OP, I submitted a question but didn’t receive a reply.
 
Scroll down and the article explains there was no Hebrew or Aramaic word for cousin.

catholic.com/tracts/brethren-of-the-lord
The article makes the claim that this is the case: “Because neither Hebrew nor Aramaic (the language spoken by Christ and his disciples) had a special word meaning ‘cousin,’” but doesn’t explain where the information is coming from, or (what I’m getting at) the deeper epistemological problem of how anyone could ever know this, or be able to honestly make such a claim in a public forum. See OP for further background.
 
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