Hi Am,
I have enjoyed your comments on the Mass.
The problem isn’t that we need to iron this out, the problem is that Lutherans need to iron this out. Or, you need to rephrase WHAT it is that REALLY offends Lutherans about the Mass.
Over the years I have been aware of Luther’s ‘feelings’ for the Mass, but never really believed that it was one of the central issues driving his hatred of the Church. Digging into it a little bit in the last few days has been very revealing.
Daniel Preus wrote the article“Luther and the Mass”, which of course seems pretty germane to our discussion, but in fact it is even more so. We have been discussing the Pope as being the antichrist, Lutheran beliefs about the ‘nature’ of the Catholic Church, the Mass, and, indirectly at least, the Holy Eucharist. This 18,000 word article, from which I will provide excerpts, covers all of these subjects, which is kind of a jackpot in regards to providing actual facts for our discussion. The kicker – when Preus wrote this article, he was the First Vice President of the LCMS. Let’s face it, nobody gets to the #2 position in an organization of 2 million people without demonstrating the ability to articulately expound the ‘company line’.
It will probably take a few posts to get even a small portion of the text posted, but if people cannot stand the suspense and want to skip ahead or read the whole document to make sure that it is being represented in the ‘correct context’, it can be found at:
mtio.com/articles/bissar92.htm
Luther and the Mass
Justification and the Joint Declaration
Daniel Preus
BY THE TIME THIS ARTICLE APPEARS, about two years will have passed since the signing by Rome and various Lutherans of the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. Few ecumenical events in recent church history have received the attention that the adoption of this document has produced. Supporters continue to laud the Joint Declaration as a major ecumenical break-through. Detractors remain no less adamant that the Joint Declaration represents no progress at all, indeed, that it is a compromise or even a concession of the worst kind. Perhaps one of the most compelling arguments supporting the latter view is that made by the Department of Systematic Theology of Concordia Theological Seminary, Fort Wayne, Indiana in the April 1998 issue of the Concordia Theological Quarterly. In response to a preliminary form of the Joint Declaration, it quotes from the Evangelical-Roman Catholic Gift of Salvation paper, another document produced through the dialogue process, that spells out “diverse understandings of merit, reward, purgatory, and indulgences, Marian devotion and the assistance of the saints in the life of salvation, and the possibility of salvation for those who have not been evangelized” .For Lutherans it is nonsense to speak of consensus on justification if these issues remain unsettled.
One more “diverse understanding” needs to be added to the above list: that concerning the mass. In fact, nowhere else is a “diverse understanding” more dearly evident than in the positions of Lutherans and Roman Catholics on the Lord’s Supper. Nowhere is the central article of the Christian faith more powerfully impacted than in this difference. And nowhere is this difference more thoroughly described than in the writings of Martin Luther.
When Luther began to assail the mass as sacrifice, he attacked the same false soteriology that he had first condemned in the indulgence controversy a few years earlier. For Luther, the same principle was involved in both battles," ……………….
There is nothing in the sacrament of the altar that is not gospel. According to Luther it is the nature of the antichrist to rage against the gospel, and his raging is more than evident in his perversion of the sacrament. Even those moderately acquainted with Luther’s views know that he considered the pope to be the antichrist. ]To no small extent, this identification is due to the Roman doctrine of the mass. The pope altered the very nature of the Lord’s Supper. Under antichrist, it is no longer as a sacrament that bestows forgiveness; it is rather a sacrifice and a good work by means of which the antichrist and his followers deceive everybody. To turn the sacrament into a sacrifice is to pervert it utterly; it is to change grace to works and Gospel to law."………….
The doctrine of justification was at the heart of Luther’s conflict with the papacy, and eventually the mass to become central to this conflict…………….
Luther’s most strenuous objection was to the concept of mass as sacrifice. The Roman teaching that in the mass the priest offers a sacrifice and thus appeases God’s anger denies the efficacy of Christ’s atoning work. The papal mass is therefore a persistent, daily attack on the article of justification. It is an unremitting assault on the gospel and on the sufficiency of Christ’s atonement. It completely distorts the nature of Christianity changing it from a religion of grace to one of works……………
They made the sacrament which they should accept from God, namely, the body and blood of Christ, into a sacrifice and have offered it to the selfsame God… Furthermore, they do not regard Christ’s body and blood as a sacrifice of thanksgiving, but as a sacrifice of works in which they do not thank God for His grace, but obtain merits for themselves and others and first and foremost, secure grace. Thus Christ has not won grace for us, but we want to win grace ourselves through our works by offering to God His Son’s body and blood. This is the true and chief abomination and the basis of all blasphemy in the papacy.
How has Satan achieved this perversion of the sacrament within the papal church?"
To be continued.