This is the position of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod. I would guess that it is typical of protestant churches.
My own personal position is as follows:
Catholicism’s openness to procreation is a nice ideal. God created us a certain way, and it is usually best to follow God’s created order. However, it is a sad fact that human biology factors in such things as disease and a significant level of infant mortality. Our biology is tuned to a hard life of fighting for survival.
Modern medicine is a wonderful thing, but it creates a mismatch between the reality of our daily life and human biology. People who are blessed to live in modern civilization are healthier, more fertile, and many more infants survive. As a result, we have to be responsible with our sexuality. It would not be responsible for every family to have a dozen kids.
Furthermore, I think NFP and even marital abstinence (as a means of pregnancy avoidance) both thwart God’s created order just as much as artificial contraception. The goal is the same for all three, to avoid pregnancy.
In summary: The avoidance of pregnancy is necessary because we don’t live in our natural state as animials fighting for survival. We used the talents God gave us to create an ordered society. Part of living in that ordered society is using our biology responsibly. Pregancy avoidance is sometimes part of that. Artificial contraception is no more an evil method of accomplishing that than is NFP or marital abstinence.
note: when I say “pregnancy avoidance” I mean just that. Once a pregancy occurs there is a new life. Pregancy termination is evil.