Once Upon a Time There Was Communion in the Hand

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The Catholic Church has from the beginning allowed the faithful to receive Jesus in their hands or on their tongues. As far as crumbs being Jesus, the Church has learned that the crumbs are not Jesus, since the accidents of the bread and wine remain the same. But the crumbs were considered to be Jesus in Cyril’s time.
Can you please back this up? This seems contradictory to the practice of especially of EF & tradionally minded OF priests. Why have a paten? Why purify the vessels? Why hold the finder and thumb together if the crumbs are not our Lord? This seems ridiculous to me, for, how can you say that some how a part is no longer in substance equal to what it was as a whole?
 
I here this all the time. There was Communion in the hand before the receiving on the tongue. The thing is I can’t seem to find proof of this. I’ve looked and looked and looked. I am finding a lot of this:
I would be careful of some of these sites because they are innacurate and weaken, instead of stregnthen, the case for Communion on the tongue by foolish arguments and doctored sources.
POPE ST. EUTYCHIAN (275-283). Forbade the faithful from taking the Sacred Host in their hand.
Spurious and undocumented.
ST. BASIL THE GREAT, DOCTOR OF THE CHURCH (330-379). “The right to receive Holy Communion in the hand is permitted only in time of persecution.” St. Basil considered Communion in the hand so irregular that he did not hesitate to consider it a grave fault. Also I believe he was speaking more so for the cloistered monks in a desert.
Faulty. He actually supports it. Do a Google search for the full text of Letter 93.
COUNCIL OF SARAGOSSA (380). It was decided to punish with EXCOMMUNICATION anyone who dared to continue the practice of Holy Communion in the hand. The Synod of Toledo confirmed this decree.
Also faulty.
POPE ST. LEO I THE GREAT (440-461). Energetically defended and required faithful obedience to the practice of administering Holy Communion on the tongue of the faithful.
No such thing. His one reference which is used to support this is from a homily in which he says “one receives in the mouth what one believes by faith”. This can apply to any method of reception of Communion
SYNOD OF ROUEN (650). Condemned Communion in the hand to halt widespread abuses that occurred from this practice, and as a safeguard against sacrilege.
This is mostly true: it did restrict Communion, but not as the present discipline - the higher clergy (from subdeacons onward) could receive in the hand.
SIXTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, AT CONSTANTINOPLE (680-681). Forbade the faithful to take the Sacred Host in their hand, threatening the transgressors with excommunication.
Again, incorrect. The 6th Ecumencial Council says nothing about it. The Council of Trullo,regarded as part of the 6th Council by the separated Eastern Churches, but not by us, does have decrees regarding Communion - but again, quite the opposite - they support it, and prescribe excommunication for those who do not receive in the hand, but instead in a dish.
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274). “Out of reverence towards this sacrament [the Holy Eucharist], nothing touches it, but what is consecrated; hence the corporal and the chalice are consecrated, and likewise the priest’s hands, for touching this sacrament.” (Summa Theologica, Pars III, Q. 82, Art. 3, Rep. Obj. 8)
True
COUNCIL OF TRENT (1545-1565). “The fact that only the priest gives Holy Communion with his consecrated hands is an Apostolic Tradition.”
Somewhat innacurate quote. The words of Trent are that it is an Apostolic tradition that priests should communicate themselves and laymen receive from a priest. The canon is against self-communicating (still forbidden) not Communion in the hand.
women did not receive the Host directly into their bare hands, but were compelled to cover them with a cloth called the dominica, brought with them for the purpose.
This was the interpretation of the earlier scholars and widely propagated (still is) but was a misreading of the texts. The *dominica *is actually the veil worn by the women - they were to approach the Sacrament with covered heads.

There are many other sources supporting Communion in the hand besides St. Cyril (or pseudo-Cyril) - St. John Chrysostom, St. John Damascene, Venerable Bede, etc. It is not necessary that the discipline was uniform across all the Churches at the beginning - so for example, while Rouen proscribes it, a little later, we find St. John Damascene still speaking of it as normative for his area. Again while we read of Pope St. Gregory administering it on the tongue, Bede relates the practise in England of receiving in the hand. It was only by around the 10th-11th centuries that it became established almost everywhere.
 
I think perhaps the confusion was that you did not specify that it is particles which are not visible to the eye? I’m not sure, because it is not my first language, but do not “crumbs” usually mean visible particles?
Please take this to the crumb thread.
 
I would be careful of some of these sites because they are innacurate and weaken, instead of stregnthen, the case for Communion on the tongue by foolish arguments and doctored source.

This is mostly true: it did restrict Communion, but not as the present discipline - the higher clergy (from subdeacons onward) could receive in the hand.

Again, incorrect. The 6th Ecumencial Council says nothing about it. The Council of Trullo,regarded as part of the 6th Council by the separated Eastern Churches, but not by us, does have decrees regarding Communion - but again, quite the opposite - they support it, and prescribe excommunication for those who do not receive in the hand, but instead in a dish.

True

Somewhat innacurate quote. The words of Trent are that it is an Apostolic tradition that priests should communicate themselves and laymen receive from a priest. The canon is against self-communicating (still forbidden) not Communion in the hand.

.
i admit i do not know my church history very well… hence the question. our catholic schools do not teach our history very well. at least mine didnt.
anyway… all i have to go by are books i buy and the internet… since i found not one, not several, but numerous sites that say this. and many by priests!!! i find my comments trustworthy. i will diligently look through the saints you have sent me also.

was there some kind of problem going on in the Church? never had i heard so many drastic oppositions in the same time period. was it that the Mass itself just wasnt structured yet? not all the “i’s” dotted and the “t’s” crossed?

as for the dominica the veil was long and they did use it to cover their hands to receive communion. this is what i was taught by a priest and that is what the start of the communion rail cloth came from. as for the men using it… this maybe true… i just dont see them use it but im not surprised men should also. it makes sense.

i truthfully do not want to get into a right or wrong thing. i just want to see who what when where why and how.
 
Yes there was once Communion in the hand and yes it was recognized as improper.

Mass was once celebrated underground in secret, we don’t do that anymore either.

Read the Lavabo prayer and ask yourself why you are not receiving on the tongue.
 
Actually, ALL the communicants, regardless of sex, are supposed to lift up the houselling cloth (to give it its proper name). It has nothing to do with hiding women’s hands, but to provide an extra layer of protection should a host drop.

In the liturgies of Holy Apostles Addai and Mari, still used by the Assyrian Church of the East, there has always been communion in the hand.

The Byzantine Liturgy of St. James, according to tradition dictated to St. James by Our Lord Himself, calls for communion in the hand, if the rubrics are strictly interpreted.

Question: How many saints does it take to say something to make it acceptable?
its not about how many saints… although ill wager ill find a lot more to say communion on the tongue is more proper just because the tridentine mass went on so long. im not interested in that. all im saying is im having an extremely hard time finding info on communion in the hand. the who what when where why and how of it all. I DONT WANT A DEBATE ON IF IT IS RIGHT OR WRONG. just facts.
 
COUNCIL OF SARAGOSSA (380). It was decided to punish with EXCOMMUNICATION anyone who dared to continue the practice of Holy Communion in the hand. The Synod of Toledo confirmed this decree.

i
I have tried several sources but have been unable to confirm this.
I did find this
The names of twelve Bishops only are mentioned. " On ’ October 4, the Bishops, Fitadius [S. Phcebadi- us] [S.] Delphin [of Bourdeaux] &c. sitting in the Sacristy at Saragossa, all said, ’ Let the sentence be recited ;’ Lucius, Bishop, read." The Canons all bear upon the Priscillianists.1 The Bishops anathematise women, who, on pretence of learning or teaching, assembled with the husbands of others : those who fasted on the Lord’s day and in the Christmas season, as denying the Incarnation, and on the Lord’s Day, reverencing the sun ; private assemblies, on account of the immoralities ; and those who took the Holy Eucharist without really receiving It. They also forbad clerks to become mere monks out of vanity, or unauthorised persons to take the name of Doctor, or virgins to take the veil before forty, or Bishops to receive those excommunicated by other Bishops. Lucius, having recited each canon, all the Bishops expressed their assent. " All the Bishops said ’ We agree."’
This was a provincial council called to refute the Priscillian heresy. I have been unable to find out what it meant about those who took The Holy Eucharist without really receiving it. That however would not translate into not receiving Communion in the hand. As for the Synod of Toledo, which one do you refer to as there were 18. The first of those also was to condemn the Priscillian heresy.
 
The Catholic Church has from the beginning allowed the faithful to receive Jesus in their hands or on their tongues. As far as crumbs being Jesus, the Church has learned that the crumbs are not Jesus, since the accidents of the bread and wine remain the same. But the crumbs were considered to be Jesus in Cyril’s time.
Are you so sure about that?

The Council of Trent defined:

“Si quis negaverit, in venerabili sacramento Eucharistiae sub unaquaque specie et sub singulis cuiusque speciei partibus separatione facta totum Christum contineri: an. s.” (Denzinger-Schonmetzer 1653)

“If anyone denies that the whole Christ is contained in the venerable sacrament of the Eucharist under each species and under every part of each species, when the separation has been made: let him be anathema”

The Catechism of the Council of Trent teaches:

“Neque vero illud praetermittendum, non solum in utraque specie, sed in quavis utriusque speciei particula totum Christum contineri” (Roman Catechism II, 4, 34)

“Nor should it be forgotten that Christ, whole and entire, is contained not only under either species, but also in each particle of either species.”

“Non minorem vero cautionem pastores adhibeant oportet in eo etiam mysterio explicando, quomodo Christi Domini corpus vel in minimi panis particula totum contineatur.” (Roman Catechism II, 4, 41)

“No less of caution should be observed by pastors in explaining the mysterious manner in which the body of our Lord is contained whole and entire under the least particle of the bread.”

The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches:

“Christus est totus integer sub unaquaque specierum et totus integer in earum partibus, ita ut panis fractio Christum non dividat.” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1377)

“Christ is present whole and entire in each of the species and whole and entire in each of their parts, in such a way that the breaking of the bread does not divide Christ.”
 
Are you so sure about that?

The Council of Trent defined:

“Si quis negaverit, in venerabili sacramento Eucharistiae sub unaquaque specie et sub singulis cuiusque speciei partibus separatione facta totum Christum contineri: an. s.” (Denzinger-Schonmetzer 1653)

“If anyone denies that the whole Christ is contained in the venerable sacrament of the Eucharist under each species and under every part of each species, when the separation has been made: let him be anathema”

The Catechism of the Council of Trent teaches:

“Neque vero illud praetermittendum, non solum in utraque specie, sed in quavis utriusque speciei particula totum Christum contineri” (Roman Catechism II, 4, 34)

“Nor should it be forgotten that Christ, whole and entire, is contained not only under either species, but also in each particle of either species.”

“Non minorem vero cautionem pastores adhibeant oportet in eo etiam mysterio explicando, quomodo Christi Domini corpus vel in minimi panis particula totum contineatur.” (Roman Catechism II, 4, 41)

“No less of caution should be observed by pastors in explaining the mysterious manner in which the body of our Lord is contained whole and entire under the least particle of the bread.”

The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches:

“Christus est totus integer sub unaquaque specierum et totus integer in earum partibus, ita ut panis fractio Christum non dividat.” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1377)

“Christ is present whole and entire in each of the species and whole and entire in each of their parts, in such a way that the breaking of the bread does not divide Christ.”
This also holds, in my opinion, to reason. What consequence is size when we are talking about the substance of a thing? If we are talking about a host, or a single molecule, if the substance is Christ it is Christ.
 
Are you so sure about that?

The Council of Trent defined:

“Si quis negaverit, in venerabili sacramento Eucharistiae sub unaquaque specie et sub singulis cuiusque speciei partibus separatione facta totum Christum contineri: an. s.” (Denzinger-Schonmetzer 1653)

“If anyone denies that the whole Christ is contained in the venerable sacrament of the Eucharist under each species and under every part of each species, when the separation has been made: let him be anathema”

The Catechism of the Council of Trent teaches:

“Neque vero illud praetermittendum, non solum in utraque specie, sed in quavis utriusque speciei particula totum Christum contineri” (Roman Catechism II, 4, 34)

“Nor should it be forgotten that Christ, whole and entire, is contained not only under either species, but also in each particle of either species.”

“Non minorem vero cautionem pastores adhibeant oportet in eo etiam mysterio explicando, quomodo Christi Domini corpus vel in minimi panis particula totum contineatur.” (Roman Catechism II, 4, 41)

“No less of caution should be observed by pastors in explaining the mysterious manner in which the body of our Lord is contained whole and entire under the least particle of the bread.”

The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches:

“Christus est totus integer sub unaquaque specierum et totus integer in earum partibus, ita ut panis fractio Christum non dividat.” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1377)

“Christ is present whole and entire in each of the species and whole and entire in each of their parts, in such a way that the breaking of the bread does not divide Christ.”
Pretty much settles it.
 
One should remember several things about Communion in the hand:

  1. *]it hasn’t been roman practice since (at most recent) the late 300’s.
    *]It has been retained in the Chaldean Rite and Armenian Rite churches through the centuries, tho’ both the Assyrian and Armenian churches broke communion, both came back in part, and that part coming back into union was never required to drop communion in the hand.
    *]it is impractical under the Byzantine and Coptic praxis of intinction to receive in the hand; the precious body is immersed in the precious blood, and then the communicant receives a piece dropped into or flicked into their mouth via a spoon.
    *]St. Basil the Great was the codifier of the Byzantine Rite liturgy. His anti-communion- in-the-hand approach can be reasonably inferred to be directed at his suffragans, and not outside the Church of Constantinople.
    *]St. John Chrysosstum was also Byzatnine. His opposition seems rooted in the same approach as St. Basil.

    It should be noted that, of the changes actually made in the rubrics to create the Ordinary Form, most are examples of antiquarianism. Many third and fourth century illustrations of the liturgy depict vs populem. (But not most.) A return to married clergy in the Roman church is a byzantification, even as it is currently limited to converts or Deacons.

    Communion in the Hand was not intended by the Vatican II council, and was approved as an economia, a concession to bad praxis for the sake of retaining the faithful.
 
Communion in the Hand was not intended by the Vatican II council, and was approved as an economia, a concession to bad praxis for the sake of retaining the faithful.
And that’s the Key. What started as an abuse has now become the defacto standard.
 
**I’ve read elsewhere that CITH suggest the idea, symbolically, that it’s just bread that being distributed; “in yer hand, there you go, next please”.

COTT, kneeling, with the use of a paten, suggests humility and the idea that what you’re receiving is very precious. So I prefer that, regardless of what St. Cyril says.**

I could probably confect an interesting liturgy myself, picking bits and pieces that were dropped centuries ago.

What’s queer is that a perfectly good liturgy was effectively banned and a new one made up on the spot (by a committee?) and presented to the faithful. I think it was a form of madness. And then more changes, like CITH.

I can kind of remember that attitudes at that time. Revolution, higher education being more commonplace (hence more ‘liturgical scholars’), communism as a serious political alternative, a wish to get the people more involved, society at large going crackers over sex, drugs and narcissism. Were the bishops trying to adapt to all this? If so, I don’t think they made the smart move.

I propose that Church can’t and shouldn’t try to be trendy. One new fashion gives the toothing for another, while the Truth is eternal. Wait them out!
 
What consequence is size when we are talking about the substance of a thing? If we are talking about a host, or a single molecule, if the substance is Christ it is Christ.
Keep in mind that the Substance of the Body of Christ exists only UNDER the accidents, including appearace, of bread.

If it simply doesn’t look like bread (or taste like it, for that matter), it’s no longer the Body of Christ.

For that matter, “bread” is not a chemical compound but a mixture of different things. Therefore, “molecule of bread” is meaningless, chemically speaking.

This is NOT to be interpreted as saying that all due care should not be exercised in taking the ablutions.
 
i do believe however, st cyril was helping st basil, since they lived so close together, on instructing how to receive communion in the hand if you were persecuted or a monk.

why? because jerusalem and caesarea are only 16miles from each other. i would find it very hard to believe that they did not talk shop from time to time. they are close enough they would be privy to sharing their persecutions and problems.
in my opinion… i can very easily see st basil saying communion in the hand only during pursecution. and st cyril backing him up explaining the proper way to receive communion in the hand.

why else would st cyril have to explain in such detail how to receive communion in the if everyone for 300yrs had been doing it anyway?

i do believe however some were receiving in the hand before this because of something i stumbled upon: A century and a half later, but still three centuries before the practice (according to the popular account reviewed above) was supposedly introduced, Pope St. Gregory the Great (590-604) is another witness. In his dialogues (Roman 3, c. 3) he relates how Pope St. Agapito performed a miracle during the Mass, after having placed the Body of the Lord into someone’s mouth. We are also told by John the Deacon of this Pope’s manner of giving Holy Communion.

st agapito was beheaded in 267.

It does seem that from very early on it was usual for the priest to place the Sacred Host into the mouth of the communicant. However, during times of persecution, when priests were not readily available, and when the faithful took the Sacrament to their homes, they gave Communion to themselves, by their own hand. In other words, rather than be totally deprived of the Bread of Life, they could receive by their own hand, when not to do so would mean being deprived of that necessary spiritual nourishment. The same applied to monks who had gone out into the desert where they would not have the services of a priest, and would not want to give up the practice of daily Communion. To summarize, the practice was that one could touch the Host when not to do so would mean being deprived of the Sacrament. But when a priest was available, one did not receive in one’s hand.

also st cyril said: that on presenting themselves to receive Communion, they should have the right hand extended, with their fingers together, supported by the left hand, and with the palm a little bit concave; and at the moment in which the Body of Christ was deposited in the hand, the communicant would say: “Amen”.** HE CONTINUES **“Sanctify your eyes with contact with the Holy Body . . . . When your lips are still wet, touch your hand to your lips, and then pass you hand over your eyes, your forehead and your other senses, to sanctify them.”

St. Epiphanius, St. Jerome, and St. Augustine definitly favored communion in the had. St. Cyril may have ridden the fence.

however i leave you with this: “But you, son of man, hear what I say to you; be not rebellious like that rebellious house; open your mouth, and eat what I give you.” Ezekiel 2:1
 
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