Before the 12 hour fast was lifted, there was a real concern about the numbers of people receiving Communion at Mass on Sundays. I have numerous books and pamphlets published in the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s from Worship, Paulist Press, Orate Fratres, Confraternity of Christian Doctrine etc that we used for study and discussion purposes in my Sodality and high school religion classes. In everyone of those books, on the topic of the liturgy, the authours (all priests) devoted many pages to the Eucharist and the fact that comparitively so few would regularly receive Communion. Especially at the later Masses on Sundays. Many reasons were put forth and the midnight fast was one of them. However, even after the fast was reduced to 3 hours in 1953 ( long before Masses were allowed to be said after noon, by the way) the numbers regularly receiving Communion did not increase that much. The consensus opinion was that a great many Catholics did not fully understand what the Mass truly was all about or else they would not hesitate to receive each and every time they had the chance, unless they were in the state of mortal sin. Apathy and ignorance were words commonly used. Since these books and pamphlets came from different countries, not just the U.S. and Canada, one can assume that the problem was widespread and not merely confined to a certain region .
I was too young to really remember the midnight fast but I do remember, after the fasting rule was changed, at the last Mass on Sundays ( which was at 10:30am) a good part of the congregation not going up for Communion. Three hours meant to us exactly that–three hours before Mass. Since I and my siblings were not early risers, in effect we did observe the midnight fast.
I admit that I don’t understand why there is so much apparent confusion as to when the current one hour fast begins. I know that Canon Law states one hour before receiving the Eucharist but the whole idea of trying to determine beforehand just when Communion will begin at any given Mass just doesn’t sit right with me. For me and most of the people I know, one hour means one hour before Mass. If Mass begins at 11:00am, the fast begins at 10:00am, not 10:15 or 10:35 or what-have -you. I wonder if when the current Canon Law was written the Church foresaw such legalistic nit-picking!