I was just reading about this yesterday in Adoration, in a book entitled Catholicism and Reason by Rev. Edward J. Hayes, Rev. Msgr. Paul J. Hayes, and James J. Drummey. It’s part of a 5-book set which I think is used in RCIA sometimes.
crpublications.com/books.html shows the set on the top row.
As I said, I was skimming through Catholicism and Reason, and settled in to read Chapter 16, “In the Beginning.” I’m always interested in clear explanations of the Church’s teaching on these matters, both for my own spiritual growth and because I’m attempting a C.S. Lewis-style science fiction novel about an alien race that was allowed to become advanced enough to travel to the stars (and come to visit Earth) before being put to the test.
It’s tricky dealing with these questions. I am a scientific-minded person and - along with learned minds and holy people including Popes - doing my best to understand how Genesis/the Bible and scientific inquiry/some process of evolution don’t have to be at war with one another. My understanding grows slowly and now and then hits conundrums, but this is to be expected when grappling with such matters.
In the case of Earth and human beings (the only case of which we know unless proof of extraterrestrial beings with intelligence and immortal souls comes to light), it seems to come down to at what point in the development of primitive hominids were there the ones who were Adam and Eve, i.e., the ones given immortal souls. Then these first parents had to make the choice. If they hadn’t sinned, I’m guessing humankind would all be like the Blessed Mother, and taken body and soul to Heaven when we “fall asleep” at the end of our Earthly existences.
The book I mentioned above, in that chapter, also does an excellent job of explaining how our souls, and the privilege of being in Heaven with God, were offered to us, and God wasn’t being mean to take them away - he offered a gift, we refused it, so we’re simply having to struggle along without that gift - plus God has given us Jesus’s redemption so we have a chance to regain it. It’s that simple.