To loosely quote an unknown theologian whom I heard the Anglican bishop and scholar N.T. Wright quote:
“The point isn’t whether the snake talked, it’s what it said!”
The Bible is pretty much the only book where people take a single line or single page from it and bandy it about as if all truth is contained there. How many people “get” Romeo and Juliet by reciting the line “Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou, Romeo?”
The first part Genesis is written (or rather composed from what’s likely preexisting text or oral tradition) in a particular sequence of stories meant to convey a particular message:
-
Creation (illustrating God building a home for himself and his beloved creation)
-
Eve and Adam (illustrating human pride at a “quick fix” approach to being able to judge good and evil for itself)
-
Cain and Abel (illustrating pride and agrarian/pastoral tension in the ancient world)
-**Noah and the Flood **(illustrating God wiping out all the bad parts of humanity and pledging a new covenant in spite of human “evil”)
-
The Tower of Babel (illustrating the ills of human overreaching and pride)
-
The Call of Abram (who takes the name Abraham, and with whom God promises his covenant)
The sequence sets up a series of problems (namely, the problem of evil) to which the later chapters of Genesis propose answers. It’s these problems, which the Adam and Eve story convey as being inherent to “fallen” human nature. The Noah story begins with God seeing the “wickedness” of humanity:
*"When the LORD saw how great the wickedness of human beings was on earth, and how every desire that their heart conceived was always nothing but evil, the LORD regretted making human beings on the earth, and his heart was grieved.
But Noah found favor with the Lord."*
So in a sense, Noah and his family, whom Genesis
figuratively illustrates, like Eve and Adam, as universal forebears of a “cleansed” humanity whom God found pleasing. God establishes his covenant with Noah:
"Indeed for your own lifeblood I will demand an accounting: from every animal I will demand it, and from a human being, each one for the blood of another, I will demand an accounting for human life… For in the image of God have human beings been made."
According to Genesis, the world after Noah is bubbling along just fine (this isn’t told in historical order – since it’s a metaphor, but is a metaphorical narrative). At some point, humanity decides to build the Tower of Babel (which may be based on the main ziggurat of Babylon, “the house which rises high its head,” with which the authors would have been familiar as Exile-era Jews). God decides to “confuse their language” to check their pride. This is a metaphor about human pride in overreaching for self-aggrandizement, and probably reflects knowledge in the ancient world of many promises made by early rulers whose efforts came to naught.
So up to this point, Genesis has told the story of human pride and the loss of paradise, the divine “cleanup” of the world and its restoration through Noah and his covenant, and the renewed pride in the Tower of Babel.
Immediately after that, after a genealogical walk through “time,” Noah’s descendents bear Abram, with whom God establishes the covenant (circumcision and all) under which the Jews lived.
It’s easy to argue all sorts of logical yet absurd concepts based on literal readings of Genesis. But that’s really not the point of Genesis!