The “Catholic Church” is composed of 23 individual Catholic Churches, in union with the Pope. The Latin branch is by far the largest, and is so large, that most people are not aware of the other 22. Here is a listing of the 22 Eastern Catholic Churches:
**1.Alexandrian liturgical tradition **
1.Coptic Catholic Church (patriarchate): Cairo, (163,849), Egypt (1741)
2.Ethiopian Catholic Church[1] (metropolia): Addis Ababa, (208,093), Ethiopia, Eritrea (1846)
**2.Antiochian (Antiochene or West-Syrian) liturgical tradition **
1.Maronite Church[2] (patriarchate): Bkerke, (3,105,278), Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Palestinian Authority, Egypt, Syria, Argentina, Brazil, United States, Australia, Canada, Mexico (union re-affirmed 1182)
2.Syriac Catholic Church[3] (patriarchate): Beirut,(131,692), Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Palestinian Authority, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, United States and Canada, Venezuela (1781)
3.Syro-Malankara Catholic Church[4] (major archiepiscopate): Trivandrum, (412,640), India, United States (1930)
**3.Armenian liturgical tradition: **
1.Armenian Catholic Church[5] (patriarchate): Beirut, (375,182), Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Palestinian Authority, Ukraine, France, Greece, Latin America, Argentina, Romania, United States, Canada, Eastern Europe (1742)
**4.Chaldean or East Syrian liturgical tradition: **
1.Chaldean Catholic Church[6] (patriarchate): Baghdad, (418,194), Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, United States (1692)
2.Syro-Malabar Church[7] (major archiepiscopate): Ernakulam, (3,902,089), India, Middle East, Europe and America (date disputed)
**5.Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition: **
1.Albanian Greek Catholic Church (apostolic administration): (3,510), Albania (1628)
2.Belarusian Greek Catholic Church (no established hierarchy at present): (10,000), Belarus (1596)
3.Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church[8] (apostolic exarchate): Sofia,(10,107), Bulgaria (1861)
4.Byzantine Church of the Eparchy of Križevci[9] (an eparchy and an apostolic exarchate): Križevci, Ruski Krstur (21,480) + (22,653), Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro (1611)
5.Greek Byzantine Catholic Church[10] (two apostolic exarchates): Athens, (2,325), Greece, Turkey (1829)
6.Hungarian Greek Catholic Church[11] (an eparchy and an apostolic exarchate): Nyiregyháza, (290,000), Hungary (1646)
7.Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (two eparchies and a territorial abbacy): (63,240), Italy (Never separated)
8.Macedonian Greek Catholic Church (an apostolic exarchate): Skopje, (11,491), Republic of Macedonia (1918)
9.Melkite Greek Catholic Church[12] (patriarchate): Damascus, (1,346,635), Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Brazil, United States, Canada, Mexico, Iraq, Egypt and Sudan, Kuwait, Australia, Venezuela, Argentina (1726)
10.Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic[13] (major archiepiscopate): Blaj, (776,529) Romania, United States (1697)
11.Russian Catholic Church[14]: (two apostolic exarchates, at present with no published hierarchs): Russia, China (1905); currently about 20 parishes and communities scattered around the world, including five in Russia itself, answering to bishops of other jurisdictions
12.Ruthenian Catholic Church[15] (a sui juris metropolia[16], an eparchy[17], and an apostolic exarchate[18]): Uzhhorod, Pittsburgh, (594,465), United States, Ukraine, Czech Republic (1646)
13.Slovak Greek Catholic Church (metropolia): Prešov, (243,335), Slovak Republic, Canada (1646)
14.Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church[19] (major archiepiscopate): Kyiv, (4,223,425), Ukraine, Poland, United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Germany and Scandinavia, France, Brazil, Argentina (1595)
Now, in addition to this are “schismatic” churches. They are true churches in the sense that they have valid apostolic succession and valid sacraments. Some use the name Catholic, and others do not. The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Assyrian Church of the East do not generally use the Catholic title. Those that DO are probably the groups that the person you were debating with was talking about. This could include schismatic groups such as:
- The Polish National Catholic Church
- The “Old Catholic Church”
- The Society of St. Pius V (SSPV)
…and various other groups such as this. There are quite a few priests who have engaged in dubious practices, been excommunicated from the church, and simply continued on with their parish in another place, as a type of “independent” Catholic Church. For example, there’s a small group in Africa under former Archbishop Milingo that separated due to the desire for a married priesthood. There’s also the Roman Catholic Womenpriest Movement, which was excommunicated for ordaining women. It
might also refer to the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) which, while not
technically in schism, may be dangerously close to it and of at least “questionable” status. (See if any two people on this board ever give you the same answer about the SSPX twice, and you’ll see the problem…)
There are charismatic Catholics
within the Latin branch of the Catholic Church, which are allowed to practice this form of worship. As far as I know, there is no separate schismatic movement yet, although I could be wrong.