In my Archdiocese, pastors have 6 year terms with a possible 6 year extension, and a third possible (priest’s decision) if the priest is within 6 years of getting “senior status” when he is up for transfer.
Chancery officals serve at the pleasure of the Archbishop
The rector of the Cathedral generally has a life or a very long term simply because running the cathedral is a hard job and you sort of need a special talent for it to do it adequately. Our Cathedral Rector has been there for 21 years.
Parochial vicars and priests with less than 5 years of ordination have approximately 1 year terms. New priests get shuffled for at least 3 years so they have rural, urban, and suburban experience before they are pastors. But sometimes young priests get installed as “priest administrators” because there is a need, but not as pastors proper so they can still be move at any time. As a bishop i know said once, it is harder to take a pastor’s parish away than a bishop’s diocese.