I started thinking about Paul after reading this from another site.
Here is what got me re-thinking Paul.
In ACTS, it is said that Paul hears the voice of Jesus say:
“Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you, this kicking
against the goads [pros kentra laktizein]” (ACTS 26:15).
In the Bacchae, which is approximately five hundred years older than ACTS,
the situation is parallel. Dionysis, the persected God, says to King
Pentheus, his persecutor:
“You disregard my words of warning… and kick against the goads [pros
kentra laktizoimi]” (line 794).
It is highly probable that ‘Luke’ has ‘borrowed’ this from the Bacchae,
because ‘Luke’ retains the plural form of the noun ‘kentra,’ which, while
maintaining the meter in the Bacchae, seems out of place in ACTS.
‘Luke’ also apparently plagiarized the Bacchae when constructing the
jail-break scenes of Peter and Paul. When Peter is imprisoned in Jerusalem,
an angel appears, saying:
“Quick! Get up… And the chains fell away from his wrists. [When they
appraoch the prison gate, it] opened for them of its own accord” (ACTS
12:8,10).
Similarly, when Paul and Silas are imprisoned in Phillipi, “all the doors
burst open and all the prisoners found their fetters unfastened” (ACTS
16:26).
Both scenarios seem to be derived from the Bacchae, where the persecuted
Maenads [followers of Dionysus] find that “The chains on their legs snap
apart …untouched by any human hand, the doors swing wide, opening of their
own accord” (lines 447-8).
Randel Helms observes that “it really is not surprising that this play
should have had such a lasting effect on Luke’s imagination; for it concerns
a young, persecuted and misunderstood deity, the son of Zeus and a mortal
woman (Semele)…” (Who Wrote the Gospels, 91).
Do historians of the first rate contradict themselves? Luke’s gospel
presents the ascension as occuring on the same day as the resurrection, on
the Emmaeus road. Acts, on the other hand, describes a forty-day period
seperating the resurrection and ascension. Why do all of the other NT books
fail to mention an ascension at all?
Luke’s chronology is confused. George Wells, in his “Historical Evidence for
Jesus,” observes:
“Luke is in such complete confusion over the chronolgy of events that
occurred in the first half of the first century as to suggest that he was
not close to them in time. In Acts 5, where the scene is Jerusalem about the
mid-30’s, Gamaliel reviews bygone Messianic risings and mentions that of
Theudas. But we know from Jospehus that Theuadas’ Messianic promises were
made when Fadus was procurator (AD 44-46) and so could not have been known
to Gamaliel at the time when he is represented as speaking. . . Gamaliel
continues by saying that, after Theudas, there was a Messianic uprising
under Judas the Galillean at the time of the census. Luke knows of only one
census, that under Quirinius (LK 2:1-2) of AD 6-- forty years before
Theudas. In his gospel Luke compounds the muddle by dating this census of AD
6 under Herod, who died in 4 BC” (“The Historical Evidence for Jesus,” 119).
So, I hope that clears up the reasons for my questions.