Legally, could Archbishop Lefebvre be declared a saint?
This question came up in a thread awhile back. What I took away from the discussion is that the answer is no…and yes.
First the “no”- People who die while excommunicated are not canonized (doesn’t mean they aren’t in Heaven though). St. Athanasius was excommunicated but it was lifted while he lived. Same goes for St. Mary of the Cross. St. Joan of Arc died excommunicated but the excommunication was later determined to be invalid.
Now the “yes”. I’m haven’t found a specific Church law stating someone who dies while Excommunicated can not be canonized, but even if there was, the Pope is not bound by the canon law, so in theory a future Pope could declared Lefebvre a Saint.
Also, it is commonly stated that “Pope John Paul II excommunicated Archbishop Lefebvre” this is incorrect. Blessed John Paul II stated that the Archbishop had excommunicated himself by his actions, which is a different thing. There are arguments to be made that the Pope was incorrect in his assesment based upon the criteria for automatic excommunication (I’m not saying whether I agree or disagree with those arguments, but they are there), and there is not an issue of Papal Infallibility as excommunication is a legal/disciplinary matter, not a matter of faith and morals, so Pope John Paul II
could have been wrong. So again, in theory, it’s possible that the Church comes to a determination at some time in the future that Archbishop Lefebvre was never in fact excommunicated.
It’s also possible that the entire process of declaring Saints changes in the future, as it has in the past. In the earlier years of the Church, the people simply declared someone a Saint. There was not a formal canonization process. Take St. Patrick for example. No Pope has ever canonized him…but he’s a saint. So perhaps we end up with some totally different system for identifying saints that opens the door for Archbishop Lefebvre.
If the EF or anything similar ever becomes the OF for the Latin Rite again, I think the Archbishop would get a serious look because of his role in preserving the Tridentine Mass.
Pax Christi