Your church is way too complicated. That must be why Catholics are willing to give blind obedience to the Pope, they make it WAY too hard for people to think for themselves!
The doctrines/dogma of the Church are the fullness of Divine Revelation on earth.
All that Latin makes Catholic text read like a medical record.
Latin is a :“dead” language, i.e., it doesn’t change like “living” language. Take English, for example. When I was growing up, if someone said, “You’re bad!” I would have thought I was in trouble. These days, it means you’re good (at least in some circles). This won’t ever happen with Latin, since meanings won’t change with the times. For many centuries, Latin was THE language of literature and business. Before that, it was Greek. That’s why most of the New Testament was written in Greek. All this is a moot point, however, since competent English translations are available to all.
So your idea of “dogma” roughly corresponds to what I recently referred to as “core beliefs” that are common to all Christians?
Not knowing what you, personally, consider “core beliefs” I can’t answer this one. I suspect that this is probably not the case, however, since there are beliefs which we consider core, e.g., the Eucharist, Confession, etc., that most non-Catholic denominations don’t believe.
Is the male-only priesthood a dogma, or just Canon? What about the funny clothes? Transubstantiation?
The male-only priesthood is not dogma. It is a matter of discipline. It could change, but won’t. There’s no reason for it to change. As a side note, there are some married priests. Usually, they were Episcopalian’s or Anglican’s who converted over and were ordained as priests. Being married before that, the Church still recogizes their marriage as sacramental.
Who gets a vote?
The only “voting” that’s done is when the cardinals elect a new pope. We don’t “vote” on doctrine or dogma. The Pope has the final word.