First we have to get one thing clear here. St. Thomas was never a pope and never intended to teach authoritatively. Therefore, the only teachings of St. Thomas that are authoritative are those that were adopted by the Church. St. Thomas also made some mistakes, such as his error on the Immculate Conception. We cannot use St. Thomas to cover every point in theology or Church teaching. We have to use him where the Church allows him to be used.
This is the offiicial teaching on canonization.
Canonization, therefore, creates a cultus which is universal and obligatory. But in **imposing this obligation **the pope may, and does, use one of two methods, each constituting a new species of canonization, i.e. formal canonization and equivalent canonization. Formal canonization occurs when the
cultus is prescribed as an explicit and definitive decision, after due judicial process and the ceremonies usual in such cases. Equivalent canonization occurs when the pope, omitting the judicial process and the ceremonies,
orders some servant of God to be venerated in the Universal Church.
newadvent.org/cathen/02364b.htm
The Church can only make obligatory what is a Truth. The obligation is imposed by a papal decree of some kind. In a formal canonization there is a prescribed cult or cultus to the saint and it is definitive. It cannot be changed. The reason that it cannot be changed is because you cannot change an infallible decree. If it is definitive, no one else, including a future pope, can change it. How does this fit into the tradition of infallibility? The decree of canonization is a statement of faith. A pope can make an infallible statement on any matter of faith and morals. The last sentence is very important. The pope can literally order the universal Church to venerate a particular saint without going through the whole process. This was the case with St. Francis of Assisi, St. Anthony of Padua and St. Clare of Assisi. Who would deny that they are truely saints? They went from being “servants of God” to saints without any of the itnermediate steps, by a simple order of the the popes.
There are other saints who were never canonized, because the process did not exist, such as the Apostles or the Fathers. But in the cases of Francis, Anthony and Clare, the process had been in existence over 100 years and the popes ignored it. These were called equivalent canonizations, not because they were invalid or because they are not infallible, but because they equal the formal canonization while bypassing the formality. The pope simply orders that it be so and binds the faithful to venerate these men and women as saints.
I know that the decree on the canonization of St. Francis is still available. The only thing that the pope says in it is that he believes what has been said about him by those who knew him. In a formal canonization there is mention of the process.
I don’t think anyone here wants to question the canonization of Francis, Anthony or Clare and risk the wrath of millions of Catholics, including popes and Franciscans.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF