I agree that "if it were my decision to make (which it isn't) I would say that anyone who divorces ought to stay single and celibate in the lay state."
Since I try, hopefully in good faith, to believe what the Church teaches, when I find myself either disagreeing or misunderstanding, I look to the Catechism and the Church's Sacred Scripture, and prayerfully ask God to guide my understanding. So, I test my opinion in light of Church teaching and Scripture.
If someone would ask me, I would state what the Church teaches and often whether I understand, or don't understand. Further, if I don't understand, I will admit it is likely that God has not given me the wisdom to understand, and point to Church teaching in documents, the Catechism, Scripture, early Church Fathers, etc as the basis for disagreeing or not understanding.
My Protestant friends over time see that I am not a parrot (not suggesting you or others are) and that I am honest in admitting what I do and don't understand, and see the serious effort I make to know and live my faith by God's grace. This tends to give weight to what I say to them, and some are much less "judgemental" about some Catholic teachings than they were before.
While speaking directly to faith and science, I think CCC159 is helpful in telling us that "there can never by any real discrepancy between faith and reason. Thus, if someone was in a joint business venture, and the venture failed, it might be reasonable not to jump quickly into another venture with that person, as who really knows how much they were responsible for the failure of the venture. If in time, they demonstrate ability in tasks and roles of "less" authority or responsibility, then there may be reason to believe it may be reasonable to encourage them to take on more of a leadership role. So, in my opinion, if they demonstrate by their walk ability to pursue a vocation to the priesthood, then it may be right to consider. Several years of waiting may be appropriate. We see this often in many professional careers. This also appears consistent with what Paul is saying in 1 Tim 3.