Professor of Early Christianity - ask me (almost) anything!

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I’ve often read that the Church didn’t get involved in / codify/ “sacramentalize “ marriage until maybe 800 - 1000 — that until then marriage was treated as a civil matter. Is this true based on your studies? How was marriage treated in the early church?
 
I enjoyed your last thread. Thank you! I asked some questions last time, but the thread got locked before these could be answered. Anyway, to try again…

When I read the new testament, I really see Jesus discussing an economic system too. For example the parable of the talents, the fate of the fig tree with no fruit and just leaves, Matthew 26…the poor you will always have, and the parable of the unjust steward (Luke 16). This is certainly not a socialist economic system.
  1. Did the early Christians see Jesus as proposing any type of economic system?
  2. If so, how did they see they view the economic system Jesus was proposing?
 
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By “bullying” I meant that the British museum rammed a spurious finding down the throats of academia by stipulating that anyone who still believed the Shroud to be authentic was comparable to the members of the flat earth society.
I have never heard of anything like this happening. As I mentioned above, no one would care what the British Museum thinks. In fact, it would make for some great laughs at conferences.
Academics have careers and families to think of just as most people do and cannot afford to jeopardize those careers.
The British Museum doesn’t have the power to do anything like that. University personnel decisions are made by departments, not by outside organizations. No university would care what a museum thinks when make tenuring decisions. On top of that, universities grant tenure to people like for the specific purpose of shielding us from outsiders who want to put pressure on us to modify our conclusions. Not a perfect system, but it’s better than no system.
Many academics dropped their research into the Shroud like a hot potato after hearing what the Museum had to say about it.
Can you provide an example? Could it have been because they thought the museum had conclusively answered the question?
Historian Ian Wilson has put together a credible history of the Shroud, so it is not true that historians do not have the expertise to determine the authenticity of a relic such as the Shroud.
He has evidence about the Shroud’s provenance before the middle ages? If so, he has more evidence than I’ve ever seen.

It’s more likely he is speculating.
Are you dodging the issue of the Shroud’s authenticity?
No. I thought I made it clear that I neither know if the Shroud is authentic, nor do I have the expertise to make any determinations about it.
If so, is it because you do not want to be seen as a member of the Flat Earth Society?
It really doesn’t work that way. The historical profession relies on scholars constantly revising the theories we have, in order to make them better. No one, and I seriously mean, no one will survive long in the profession if they are concerned about not stepping on toes.
 
Did Jesus actually preach on Hell or the afterlife?
Yes he certainly did. I think one of the areas of historical Jesus research that has come closer to a consensus in the last decade has been that he was an apocalyptic preacher who deliberately modeled himself after Elijah.

Other theories still abound, but they are becoming more and more uncommon.
 
I got an MA. Stopped there.
I have a lot of friends who wish they would have taken this path!

The academy can be an amazing experience at times, but it is also brutal, thankless, and very underpaid.
 
The reason is that in my class on the NT, we had to read Brad Pitre’s book “The Case for Jesus,” where he writes about how his faith was negatively impacted by Professors that seemed to all come from the perspective that Jesus was merely human, that miracles couldn’t possibly occur, and that prophesies can be explained away from natural events.
Sorry to hear about Prof. Pitre. It sounds like his college experience wasn’t what he was expecting. That’s always a shame. On the other hand, I’m curious about why his faith was influenced by his professors. I’m always clear in my classes (and my threads!) that I’m a historian, not a theologian. I’m not doing apologetics, my work is based solely on historical evidence. I, and all honest historians, need approach our work not from any particular faith tradition, but from the evidence.
The problem they came to conclusions that fit their biases (ie Gospels were originally anonymous, the Gospels must be dated after 70AD to allow for the prophesy of the destruction of Jerusalem, etc.)
There is historical evidence for these beliefs, so they are legitimate views to hold. It doesn’t mean you have to agree with them.
And, because of their confirmation bias, they ignored evidence to the contrary of their opinions.
Yup. That is a major problem in my field. People starting with a conclusion. An honest historian would start with the evidence, and not from any particular faith tradition. That is so much easier said than done, however.
 
There is historical evidence for these beliefs, so they are legitimate views to hold. It doesn’t mean you have to agree with them.
Ok. So what historical evidence is there for the claim the Gospels were originally anonymous?
 
I’ve often read that the Church didn’t get involved in / codify/ “sacramentalize “ marriage until maybe 800 - 1000 — that until then marriage was treated as a civil matter. Is this true based on your studies? How was marriage treated in the early church?
This gets a bit out of my comfort zone, but I’ll give it a try.

The Early Church saw celibacy as the ideal, and generally had less to say about sexual relationships than one might expect (certainly far less than today). They were primarily concerned with Christological issues, and so focused deeply on celibacy. As such, marriage just took a back seat. In the middle ages, the Church became far more invested in the everyday issues of life, in large part because of the collapse of the Empire, and so codifying a marriage ritual became a more obvious thing to do.

The Church in the middle ages played a vastly more intrusive role in society than ever before (or since). As such, it had to transform itself into a quasi-governmental institution.
 
This is certainly not a socialist economic system.
No, Jesus was certainly not a socialist. On the other hand, he was also not a capitalist. In fact, he wasn’t an economist at all.
Did the early Christians see Jesus as proposing any type of economic system?
Not I see any evidence for. Some of the earliest followers lived in collective systems, but there is no evidence that they saw that as an economic system.
If so, how did they see they view the economic system Jesus was proposing?
I don’t think Jesus proposed anything that can be reasonably considered an economic system. He was an apocalyptic preacher concerned about the coming of the Kingdom of God, not economics or politics, or any other such things.
 
No, Jesus was certainly not a socialist. On the other hand, he was also not a capitalist. In fact, he wasn’t an economist at all.
Excellent! This is a nice rejoinder to those with an economic agenda to push claiming Jesus was this or that label.

Something completely different. Is there any one or two or more names that have emerged as perhaps the most likely author of Hebrews or is it established that we just might never know?
 
Honestly, I don’t think that’s a respectable position in this context. In fact, I consider that straight-up academically irresponsible. You are specifically presenting yourself to an online forum of Catholics as a supposed ‘expert’ on the history of their own Church, and yet you’re refusing to disclose what your biases on the topic may be (by refusing to disclose whether you are Catholic yourself, or whether you are, for all we know, vehemently opposed to Catholicism, and interested in trying to subtly plant seeds that will steer us away from it, too).

You may sincerely try to avoid biases filtering into your work – but you’re a fallible human, as are we all. We all have biases – and it’s worse if we don’t know what our own biases are, or try to prevent others from considering what our own biases may be.

And the areas of subject matter you’ve chosen to focus on, the angles from which you’ve examined it, the evidence you personally find persuasive or worth mentioning vs dismissible or not worth mentioning, and especially what your blind spots may be… are all relevant factors that you prevent us from taking into account, when you try to present yourself as if you’re a robotically impartial and all-seeing ‘authority’ on the matter, without a human viewpoint and human limitations.

I don’t mind whether you’re an atheist or a Hindu or a Protestant or a ‘spiritual but non-religious’ or a Catholic. But I do think that intentionally hiding that information from us, while trying to insert your private (though still professional, but professionals do disagree on things, so private) interpretation of history into our minds, prevents us from knowing your potential biases, prevents us from being able to piece together a more full ‘neutral’ picture that includes both what you say you see, and the angle you see it from.
 
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I’ve often read that the Church didn’t get involved in / codify/ “sacramentalize “ marriage until maybe 800 - 1000 — that until then marriage was treated as a civil matter. Is this true based on your studies? How was marriage treated in the early church?
His response to your post is # 76

Historically speaking,

For space, consider only 3 out of MANY available historical marriage examples available. Going back to the beginning centuries… BTW, the Catholic Church has been here for 2000 yrs. That makes it a huge depository of historical evidence.

That said

The Church has always been involved with marriage, since Jesus established the Church and the sacraments.

Note: these examples, use language not used by civil authority but by the Church… Namely, marriage as a sacrament, goes back to Jesus.

Also

Links provided for greater context purposes.

As Paul said, ~55 a.d.​

“To the married I give charge, not I but the Lord , that the wife should not separate from her husband (but if she does, let her remain single or else be reconciled to her husband)—and that the husband should not divorce his wife” 1 Cor. 7:10-11.

Shepherd of Hermas ~80 a.d.​

Bk 2, Commandment 4, ch 1
“What then shall the husband do, if the wife continue in this disposition [adultery]? Let him divorce her, and let the husband remain single. But if he divorce his wife and marry another, he too commits adultery”

Justin Martyr ~150 a.d.​

First apology, Ch 15

Concerning [chastity] He (Jesus) uttered such sentiments as these: Whosoever looks upon a [woman] to [lust] after her, has committed [adultery] with her already in his heart before God. And, If your right eye offend you, cut it out; for it is better for you to enter into the [kingdom of heaven] with one eye, than, having two eyes, to be cast into [everlasting fire]. And, Whosoever shall marry her that is [divorced] from another husband, commits [adultery]…
 
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KMC:
So what historical evidence is there for the claim the Gospels were originally anonymous?
The fact that all of the manuscripts are anonymous.
Which ones? I’m looking at a table that shows the oldest manuscripts, dated from 2nd century through 5th century…none are anonymous. Perhaps you can provide me with names of the codices you are referencing?
 
Is there an official historical answer for those who claim that the Church adopted paganism during Constantine’s reign regarding Christmas? I know caesaropapism was practiced at that time, but some anticatholics insist that Christmas is pagan. I’ve encountered answers from Catholics that say it was adopted from paganism, & others that say no. Which is it?

Thank you.
 
Jesus was certainly not a socialist. On the other hand, he was also not a capitalist. In fact, he wasn’t an economist at all.
I hear what you are saying; however, that (i.e. he wasn’t an economist at all) is personally difficult to understand based on his teaching. He sure seems to be part economist in my humble opinion. Perhaps something was lost in translation somewhere.

Another couple of questions: Are there any ancient texts that deal with the parable of the unjust servant specifically? Honestly, the parable of the unjust steward looks like a case study from business school. Perhaps some other meaning was lost over the centuries. If so what was it?
 
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I doubt I was destined for the academy. I just thought a PhD was a nice round off to my academic experience. Something to put on the wall and use to beat folks who disagreed with me.

So I took the shillings on the drum.
 
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