Dear Lucy, see that Pope John Paul II had already told us in his Encyclical letter “Fides et Ratio”, as its name indicates, that there are two ways to get the truth: faith and reason. Fair enough, then, that our priests are introduced in both studies of philosophy and theology, because they are two sides of the truth.
There is no concrete proof of knowledge about the existence of God. However, there is no concrete proof of knowledge about their non-existence. Disbelief has nothing to further or higher that belief. In this analysis, both an atheist as a theist would be in the same category. However, one has to say that there is not a proof, but evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence of one God.
The cosmological argument, the propositions of St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Anselm, and St. Augustine and thoughts formulated by Plato and Aristotle are strong arguments in favor of this hypothesis. Blaise Pascal and Descartes also contributed much on these considerations. I will not write here in detail about these and other philosophers and scientists, but I left there names for the measure of your curiosity.
Ultimately, I will say the most basic argument for believing in one God. Every cause has a consequence. Everything that happens in the universe had a cause, which also had a cause etc. By induction, we should get either a first cause or an infinite sequence of causes, but the last consideration is not logical. The universe could not be infinite because it would imply the infinity of matter. This concept is already shown as incoherent both by physics and the theory of infinite Cantor and Hilbert formulated etc. Must have been, then, a first cause that could not have been caused. It can not therefore have come into being, but always have existed, being unchanging and timeless. One of the best things that would fit this conception is the creative entity which we call God!
All these thoughts come from the intellectual honesty of each person. Therefore, you should not blame those who do not understand or know that depth to believe in Christ, because they do not need that. But without faith we can not walk, because without faith we would be creating an empty science.
Pax et Bonum.
