**Jesus never claimed to be the son of God. He was Jewish, and this is not Jewish. Drop the claim that he was Jewish and I’ll vacate my place in this discussion. Make of him a Greek, and I am out.
That commission in Matthew 28:19 is not from Jesus. It would be a contradiction to his attitude against Gentiles. If fact, I never understood why. But anyways, that commission was pronounced by the guy who wrote that gospel. Perhaps by Paul, who was the one who introduced baptism in the name of Jesus. (Acts 19:5)
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I extracted this from the Catholic Encyclopedia, as I can’t be bothered reinventing the wheel.
Claims that Christ is the Son of God.
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In the New Testament
The title “the Son of God” is frequently applied to Jesus Christ in the Gospels and Epistles. … The angel announced: “He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the most High… the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God” (Luke 1:32, 35).
Nathaniel, at his first meeting, called Him the Son of God (John 1:49). The devils called Him by the same name, the Jews ironically, and the Apostles after He quelled the storm. In all these cases its meaning was equivalent to the Messias, at least. But much more is implied in the confession of St. Peter, the testimony of the Father, and the words of Jesus Christ.
Confession of St. Peter
We read in Matthew 16:15-16: “Simon Peter answered and said: Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answering, said to him: Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jona: because flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven.”
The parallel passages have: “Thou art the Christ” (Mark 8:29), “The Christ of God” (Luke 9:20). There can be no doubt that St. Matthew gives the original form of the expression, and that St. Mark and St. Luke in giving “the Christ” (the Messias), instead, used it in the sense in which they understood it when they wrote, viz. as equivalent to “the incarnate Son of God” (see Rose, VI). …
Testimony of the Father
(1) At the Baptism. "And Jesus being baptized, forthwith came out of the water: and lo, the heavens were opened to him: and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming upon him. And behold a voice from heaven, saying, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased” (Matthew 3:16, 17). “And there came a voice from heaven: Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased” (Mark 1:11; Luke 3:22).
(2) At the Transfiguration. “And lo, a voice out of the cloud saying: This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased: hear ye him” (Matthew 17:5; Mark 9:6; Luke 9:35).
Testimony of Jesus Christ (ie. Himself)
(1) The Synoptics. “I ascend to my Father and to your Father” (John 20:17). He always spoke of MY Father, never of OUR Father. He said to the disciples: “Thus then shall YOU pray: Our Father”, etc. He everywhere draws the clearest possible distinction between the way in which God was His Father and in which He was the Father of all creatures. His expressions clearly prove that He claimed to be of the same nature with God; and His claims to Divine Sonship are contained very clearly in the Synoptic Gospels, though not as frequently as in St. John.
“Did you not know, that I must be about my father’s business” (Luke 2:49); “Not every one that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven: but he that doth the will of my Father who is in heaven, he shall enter into the kingdom of heaven. Many will say to me in that day: Lord, Lord, have not we prophesied in thy name, and cast out devils in thy name, and done many miracles in thy name? And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me you, that work iniquity” (Matthew 7:21-23).
“Everyone therefore that shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven” (Matthew 10:32). "
At that time Jesus answered and said: I confess to thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them to little ones. Yea, Father; for so hath it seemed good in thy sight. All things are delivered to me by my Father. And no one knoweth the Son, but the Father: neither doth any one know the Father, but the Son, and he to whom it shall please the Son to reveal HIM. Come to me, all you that labour, and are burdened, and I will refresh you" (Matthew 11:25-30; Luke 10:21, 22).
In the parable of the wicked husbandmen the son is distinguished from all other messengers: “Therefore having yet one son, most dear to him; he also sent him unto them last of all, saying: They will reverence my son. But the husbandmen said one to another: This is the heir; come let us kill him” (Mark 12:6). Compare Matthew 22:2, “The kingdom of heaven is likened to a king, who made a marriage for his son.”
In Matthew 17:25, He states that as Son of God He is free from the temple tax. “David therefore himself calleth him Lord, and whence is he then his son?” (Mark 12:37). He is Lord of the angels. He shall come “in the clouds of heaven with much power and majesty. And he shall send his angels” (Matthew 24:30, 31).
He confessed before Caiphas that he was the Son of the blessed God (Mark 14:61-2). “Going therefore, teach ye all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost… and behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world” (Matthew 28:19, 20).
(2) St. John’s Gospel. It will not be necessary to give more than a few passages from St. John’s Gospel. “My Father worketh until now; and I work… For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things which he himself doth: and greater works than these will he shew him, that you may wonder. For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and giveth life: so the Son also giveth life to whom he will. For neither doth the Father judge any man, but hath given all judgment to the Son. That all may honour the Son, as they honour the Father” (v, 17, 20-23). “And this is the will of my Father that sent me: that everyone who seeth the Son, and believeth in him, may have life everlasting, and I will raise him up in the last day” (vi, 40). “Father, the hour is come, glorify thy Son, that thy Son may glorify thee… And now glorify thou me, O Father, with thyself, with the glory which I had, before the world was, with thee” (xvi, 1, 5).
(3) St. Paul. St. Paul in the Epistles, which were written much earlier than most of our Gospels, clearly teaches the Divinity of Jesus Christ, and that He was the true Son of God; and it is important to remember that his enemies the Judaizers never dared to attack this teaching, a fact which proves that they could not find the smallest semblance of a discrepancy between his doctrines on this point and that of the other Apostles.