Protestantism, Luther, and the rise of Nazi Germany

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If you go to the Vatican you can go talk to a first hand source Pious’ assistant is still alive. Dietrich von Hildebrand’s writings would confirm this and his still living widow Alice von Hildebrand will also. She is very upset at how Catholics especially Pope Pius have been accused of being indifferent during World War II.
 
In short, as a guys who studies history daily at uni and hopes to make it a career, My opinion is that protestantism had little direct relationship to Nazism’s rise in Germany.

Hitler was raised a Catholic in Austria, and the undertones and philosophical movements all credited with leading to national socialism tend to be products of the 18th and 19th century. The primary one being the rise of nationalism, particularly Ethnic nationalism. As central governments became more powerful during the second half of the last millennium and large, powerful nation states emerged it became important to unify a populace which had previously lived in a feudal, regionalist society. So ethnic decent, religion, and common language became important tools of the state, as did demonizing or belittling other large ethnic groups.

Now, as time goes on people are born and eventualy live their whole lives under the new system, culture adjusts, and by the1930’s country’s like France and Britain had been living with a strong national system for centuries. But Germany on the other hand had only been a single unified nation for 60 years. Just a hundred years before the were over 350 different independent states within German Speaking Europe, I believe the famous quote is “one for every day of the year”.

Now Germany did experience a massive boon in nationalism in the 40 years leading up to WWI. They defeated the French with almost comical ease in 1872, uniting the country in the proses, and quickly rose to become the most powerful nation in the world. Then in the Great war they swept through Belgium into France, Eventually toppled Tsarist Russia, defeated the Royal Navy at Jutland, and had been told for for years the German army was undefeated in the field, when suddenly they lost. It was a shock to the young and fragile system. The people rose up, the military mutinied, Bavaria even attempted to reestablish its independence. Follow that with the absolutely humiliating treaty of Versailles, the forced annexation of German speaking areas by Poland, and then one of the worst depressions ever seen in history and Germany was a once proud nation of shattered confidence. It was the perfect environment for fascist racism to rise to prominence.

Protestantism may have slightly made Germany more vulnerable to Nazism (though Remember Southern Germany and Austria is Catholic) but it seems the nationalist tones of the previous century and the geopolitical disaster that was the previous two decades for Germany had more to contribute than religion. The Jews were different, they looked different, they had their own language in some areas, they were already stereotyped as rich bankers, they were perfect scapegoats.
 
In short, as a guys who studies history daily at uni and hopes to make it a career, My opinion is that protestantism had little direct relationship to Nazism’s rise in Germany.

Hitler was raised a Catholic in Austria, and the undertones and philosophical movements all credited with leading to national socialism tend to be products of the 18th and 19th century. The primary one being the rise of nationalism, particularly Ethnic nationalism. As central governments became more powerful during the second half of the last millennium and large, powerful nation states emerged it became important to unify a populace which had previously lived in a feudal, regionalist society. So ethnic decent, religion, and common language became important tools of the state, as did demonizing or belittling other large ethnic groups.

Now, as time goes on people are born and eventualy live their whole lives under the new system, culture adjusts, and by the1930’s country’s like France and Britain had been living with a strong national system for centuries. But Germany on the other hand had only been a single unified nation for 60 years. Just a hundred years before the were over 350 different independent states within German Speaking Europe, I believe the famous quote is “one for every day of the year”.

Now Germany did experience a massive boon in nationalism in the 40 years leading up to WWI. They defeated the French with almost comical ease in 1872, uniting the country in the proses, and quickly rose to become the most powerful nation in the world. Then in the Great war they swept through Belgium into France, Eventually toppled Tsarist Russia, defeated the Royal Navy at Jutland, and had been told for for years the German army was undefeated in the field, when suddenly they lost. It was a shock to the young and fragile system. The people rose up, the military mutinied, Bavaria even attempted to reestablish its independence. Follow that with the absolutely humiliating treaty of Versailles, the forced annexation of German speaking areas by Poland, and then one of the worst depressions ever seen in history and Germany was a once proud nation of shattered confidence. It was the perfect environment for fascist racism to rise to prominence.

Protestantism may have slightly made Germany more vulnerable to Nazism (though Remember Southern Germany and Austria is Catholic) but it seems the nationalist tones of the previous century and the geopolitical disaster that was the previous two decades for Germany had more to contribute than religion. The Jews were different, they looked different, they had their own language in some areas, they were already stereotyped as rich bankers, they were perfect scapegoats.

Hitler was raised a Catholic in Austria, and the undertones and philosophical movements all credited with leading to national socialism tend to be products of the 18th and 19th century. The primary one being the rise of nationalism, particularly Ethnic nationalism. As central governments became more powerful during the second half of the last millennium and large, powerful nation states emerged it became important to unify a populace which had previously lived in a feudal, regionalist society. So ethnic decent, religion, and common language became important tools of the state, as did demonizing or belittling other large ethnic groups.​

Just so we are clear, his mother was Catholic and his father believed in nothing, Hitler’s father was physically abusive to his mother to Hitler himself and his brothers and sisters and he also was a very controlling father. You cannot equate being raise by a Catholic mother and having gone to Church school on Sundays as a child to mean the same thing as internalizing Catholicism and living it. Hitler also only live in Austria until he was three.
 

The Jews were different, they looked different, they had their own language in some areas, they were already stereotyped as rich bankers, they were perfect scapegoats.​

This is not always true. Ashkenazi Jews do not always look different from the rest of the population but Ashkenazi Jews do speak Yiddish although I believe any German could understand them because it is not that far off from German. Most of the Roman Jews population which had the highest number of Jews in Europe during World War II were Sephardic not Ashkenazi.
 

The Jews were different, they looked different, they had their own language in some areas, they were already stereotyped as rich bankers, they were perfect scapegoats.​

This is not always true. Ashkenazi Jews do not always look different from the rest of the population but Ashkenazi Jews do speak Yiddish although I believe any German could understand them because it is not that far off from German. Most of the Roman Jews population which had the highest number of Jews in Europe during World War II were Sephardic not Ashkenazi.
Jews in Britain (and in the early U.S.) also tended to be Sephardim. If one looks at the old paintings and photos, one would never think of them as Jews because they don’t look like what we expect Ashkenazim to look like. The Brit and early American Sephardim mostly just look like Brits. But there are a lot of European Ashkenazi who don’t look like what we expect them to look like either.

Here’s Judah Benjamin, Treasury secretary for the Confederacy.
google.com/search?q=judah+benjamin&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7ADFA_enUS486&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=0TdoUv7_D-PA2gWetIGACw&ved=0CJUBEIke&biw=1024&bih=571

Benjamin Cardozo, U.S. Supreme Court justice.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg
 
I don’t think it’s fair to lump together an entire religion based on one example. People do this to Catholics all the time and it really annoys me.

It’s sad but Anti-Jewish sentiment was widespread in Europe during this period, not just in Germany. Everyone should share the blame in this regard.
And I have a problem with the last line of that, where is the proof and who is making these claims.
My family is from Germany and grew up in Nazi Germany, no one hated Jewish people or were taught to hate Jewish people at home or at Church. My own father is named after my grandmother’s childhood friend who was taken away by the Nazis and sent to a concentration camp.You can’t lump people together right and you really should know where your sources are from before you assume that secular sources or other denominations or religions sources are correct. Very few people including Catholics believe Pope Pius condemned Hitler, everyone conveniently forgets that when he died, Israel had the largest delegation at his funeral or that the New York Times editorial board not once but TWICE stated Pope stands Alone in Condemning Hitler or that 41 babies were born in the papal apartment during World War II when the Vatican and all the Catholic monasteries, abbies and churches in Rome hid our Jewish brothers and sisters and it is because Pious wanted to insure they had a chance to live and to respect the dignity of motherhood. That horrid play The Deputy has done serious damage to his reputation and the reputation of the Catholic Church with our Jewish brothers and sisters. Luckily John Paul II and Pope Benedict and now Pope Francis have had good relationships with our Jewish brothers and sisters and our relationship is getting better but we cannot stand around and say oh everyone was an anti-Semite all over Europe case closed.
Liberal Princess did not claim that every German citizen was antisemitic – she said “Anti-Jewish sentiment was widespread in Europe during this period.” And right she is. Even so, all bystanders bear responsibility for what happened during the Holocaust. That they perhaps didn’t share antisemitic or anti-Jewish sentiments does not absolve them of the ethical choice to stand by while others were openly targeted, oppressed, and killed. This is a hard truth for many to accept, particularly when they consider how their own family members failed to act righteously. But it’s incorrect to ignore the realities of this time in an effort to explain the Church’s role. And to claim that anyone who does rely on the historical record is blindly accepting of modernism is at best seriously misguided. The Holocaust could not have happened without millions of bystanders who permitted it.
 
Liberal Princess did not claim that every German citizen was antisemitic – she said “Anti-Jewish sentiment was widespread in Europe during this period.” And right she is. Even so, all bystanders bear responsibility for what happened during the Holocaust. That they perhaps didn’t share antisemitic or anti-Jewish sentiments does not absolve them of the ethical choice to stand by while others were openly targeted, oppressed, and killed. This is a hard truth for many to accept, particularly when they consider how their own family members failed to act righteously. But it’s incorrect to ignore the realities of this time in an effort to explain the Church’s role. And to claim that anyone who does rely on the historical record is blindly accepting of modernism is at best seriously misguided. The Holocaust could not have happened without millions of bystanders who permitted it.
I hope you seriously did not just accuse my family of being indifferent and that they failed to act righteously and that I have a hard time accepting that they did because nothing could be further from the truth. Pope Benedict was forced into the Hilter Youth do you consider Pope Benedict and his family indifferent and unrighteous and who just stood by?
 
Like I have said numerous times before poor catechesis allowed for people to justify these atrocities the fact that Positive Christianity could even be introduced into Germany tells me that enough people either didn’t know their faith well or weren’t practicing it or they subordinated their faith for nationalism. Pope Benedict’s dictatorship of relativism speech was more personal then people realize.
 

Hitler was raised a Catholic in Austria, and the undertones and philosophical movements all credited with leading to national socialism tend to be products of the 18th and 19th century. The primary one being the rise of nationalism, particularly Ethnic nationalism. As central governments became more powerful during the second half of the last millennium and large, powerful nation states emerged it became important to unify a populace which had previously lived in a feudal, regionalist society. So ethnic decent, religion, and common language became important tools of the state, as did demonizing or belittling other large ethnic groups.​

Just so we are clear, his mother was Catholic and his father believed in nothing, Hitler’s father was physically abusive to his mother to Hitler himself and his brothers and sisters and he also was a very controlling father. You cannot equate being raise by a Catholic mother and having gone to Church school on Sundays as a child to mean the same thing as internalizing Catholicism and living it. Hitler also only live in Austria until he was three.
You seem to think im blaming his being a genocidal maniac on his being nominaly catholic, which I dont.
 
You seem to think im blaming his being a genocidal maniac on his being nominaly catholic, which I dont.
I wouldn’t suspect too many people on here would, but a lot, not all, but a lot of Atheists will.
 
You seem to think im blaming his being a genocidal maniac on his being nominaly catholic, which I dont.
I tend to agree with this. Hitler was certifiably insane. He was mentally ill. No one is responsible for that. More responsibility lies with those who followed him, those who offered no resistance to him, those who turned a blind eye to his brutality, and so on.

God bless,
Ut
 
I wouldn’t suspect too many people on here would, but a lot, not all, but a lot of Atheists will.
And your also correct that he didnt exactly have the most religious upbringing, I was simply stating that he was never a protestant.
 
Have you ever read Luther’s tract, “Christ Was Born A Jew”? No, Luther was not an anti Semite. Yes, he said some rash things in his booklet, “On the Jews and their Lies”. But even there, near the beginning he explained that their status as chosen meant that they were the nation God chose to become a member of when he became human. I have read hundreds of pages of Luther, and it is obvious that people love to turn him into something he was not. When he wrote on the Jews and their lies he wrote out of disappointment. He had hoped for a mass conversion of Jews in Germany, and when the majority made clear they rejected Christ, he said some rash things. But we need to be fair.
 
I hope you seriously did not just accuse my family of being indifferent and that they failed to act righteously and that I have a hard time accepting that they did because nothing could be further from the truth. Pope Benedict was forced into the Hilter Youth do you consider Pope Benedict and his family indifferent and unrighteous and who just stood by?
Identifying individuals – then or now – as bystanders, perpetrators, or resisters/rescuers is based on their actions or lack thereof. If an individual did or does not act altruistically to benefit victims, he or she is a bystander. You can stow your indignation – we’re all bystanders to some degree. And for the record, I also have family in Germany and to my knowledge my German ancestors were not antisemitic and did not act to benefit victims. They were, then, bystanders. Pope Benedict cannot be identified this way because he was a child and therefore did not have the cognitive capabilities to make ethical choices as an adult would. But his parents did and they did not act righteously.
 
Identifying individuals – then or now – as bystanders, perpetrators, or resisters/rescuers is based on their actions or lack thereof. If an individual did or does not act altruistically to benefit victims, he or she is a bystander. You can stow your indignation – we’re all bystanders to some degree. And for the record, I also have family in Germany and to my knowledge my German ancestors were not antisemitic and did not act to benefit victims. They were, then, bystanders. Pope Benedict cannot be identified this way because he was a child and therefore did not have the cognitive capabilities to make ethical choices as an adult would. But his parents did and they did not act righteously.
A lot of people bought into Aryanism and this false Gospel and many Christians worshiped the State and not God this is true – it has to be true because the Nazi’s don’t rise to power if it isn’t true. What bothers me though is that to me it seems like you believe that so many people were indifferent and have judged people living in the Third Reich as if the decisions were so black and white. The ethical questions without a doubt are black and white how to respond to the atrocities were not black and white and were not easy to make. If you speak out against the Holocaust the SS take your business and burn it down, praise God even in tragedy and God will provide for us for doing the right thing but we can’t sit around and do nothing, then they put you in jail, you say to yourself Jesus was jailed, beaten and died if that is what I have to so be it, then they take your kids away from your family and train them as child soldiers and your daughters go into forced prostitution for the army ok that changes things, then they go into your neighborhood take all of your Jewish friends and neighbors and tell them that they can thank you for sending them away ok that really changes things. So what was the best thing to do? 12 hours before you printed anti-Nazi papers your Jewish neighbors were under the radar within a week they were probably all dead. Your actions have now led to innocent people being hurt and killed. If you stayed quiet and helped protect your Jewish neighbors and kept your neighborhood under the radar, would they have lived, could they have lived long enough to escape to another country and would your children not have become property of Reich? Do you continue to speak out, if the SS does not kill you and you can return home? Is speaking out because you know it is wrong and you need to have a clear conscience morally acceptable when you know that innocent people will be taken to concentration camps every time you do and the human dignity of children will be violated? These are not easy questions and people had to live with the consequences of their actions. For some Germans the ethical dilemma was so weighting on their hearts they honestly believed their own death would be a liberation. My family was not wealthy and my great-grandmother was basically an invalid by 1939 and no one was educated further than the equivalent of the 4th grade, they didn’t have the luxury of leaving Germany and avoiding this nightmare and moral dilemma and had to make these decisions. So since you appear to be the moral judge of Germans under the Third Reich because you study this in school tell me which way would you have gone?

The finger waving Americans 70 years later when your own country didn’t step in to fight for the Jewish people of Europe until very late in the drama and really only stepped in after they were attacked is extraordinarily hypocritical. Especially since so many Americans turn a blind eye to the disgusting abomination of the 54 million babies you have allowed to be aborted in 40 years and the rampant secularization, dumbing down and straight out mocking and trivialization of Christianity going on this very second in the US. That kind of sounds like the lax German Christians in 1930s Germany if you ask me. I am certain my Catholic and Protestant friends in the pro-life community would not like history to remember them as being indifferent to this crime against humanity and to be lumped in with all the secularized Catholics and Protestants in the US who went on their way saying it is just a choice. Your current failure to speak out about the people in the Nuba Mountain region of South Sudan, your country’s flat out refusal to defend Middle East Christians and pull your money out of countries who persecute Christians is also hypocritical, but you all say oh we can’t be the world’s police. Or the stellar job that the American group Catholics for Choice which is run and funded by an atheist is doing trying to get the Vatican kicked out of the UN.
 
I also wouldn’t knock Pope Benedict’s parents calling them bystanders and claim they didn’t act righteously, especially considering that Frau and Herr Ratzinger very much welcomed and aided the American troops entering Germany so much so the American troops were headquartered in the Ratzinger household. Did they not teach you that in your studies? Not surprised that they didn’t.
 
A lot of people bought into Aryanism and this false Gospel and many Christians worshiped the State and not God this is true – it has to be true because the Nazi’s don’t rise to power if it isn’t true. What bothers me though is that to me it seems like you believe that so many people were indifferent and have judged people living in the Third Reich as if the decisions were so black and white. The ethical questions without a doubt are black and white how to respond to the atrocities were not black and white and were not easy to make. If you speak out against the Holocaust the SS take your business and burn it down, praise God even in tragedy and God will provide for us for doing the right thing but we can’t sit around and do nothing, then they put you in jail, you say to yourself Jesus was jailed, beaten and died if that is what I have to so be it, then they take your kids away from your family and train them as child soldiers and your daughters go into forced prostitution for the army ok that changes things, then they go into your neighborhood take all of your Jewish friends and neighbors and tell them that they can thank you for sending them away ok that really changes things. So what was the best thing to do? 12 hours before you printed anti-Nazi papers your Jewish neighbors were under the radar within a week they were probably all dead. Your actions have now led to innocent people being hurt and killed. If you stayed quiet and helped protect your Jewish neighbors and kept your neighborhood under the radar, would they have lived, could they have lived long enough to escape to another country and would your children not have become property of Reich? Do you continue to speak out, if the SS does not kill you and you can return home? Is speaking out because you know it is wrong and you need to have a clear conscience morally acceptable when you know that innocent people will be taken to concentration camps every time you do and the human dignity of children will be violated? These are not easy questions and people had to live with the consequences of their actions. For some Germans the ethical dilemma was so weighting on their hearts they honestly believed their own death would be a liberation. My family was not wealthy and my great-grandmother was basically an invalid by 1939 and no one was educated further than the equivalent of the 4th grade, they didn’t have the luxury of leaving Germany and avoiding this nightmare and moral dilemma and had to make these decisions. So since you appear to be the moral judge of Germans under the Third Reich because you study this in school tell me which way would you have gone?
Good points.

God bless,
Ut
 
Who helped Nazi war criminals like Josef mengele and Adolf Eichmann to flee to Argentina under assumed names?
 
It just amazes me that this train of thought seems absolutely non-existent after Shirer’s work, but at the same time Catholicism has been so bitterly attacked. Perhaps it is the very fragmented nature of Protestantism that makes it impossible for many of them to express any shame or remorse over what happened in Germany. “It wasn’t my church, etc…” It is only on account of the cohesive nature of Catholicism that we, in a corporate and collective way, can express shame that we did not do more to stop the Nazi rise to power, or do more for the Jews and those exterminated in the Nazi death camps or forced sterilization.

Are there any Protestant books that look on this period of history with the same level of conscience searching as can be found in Catholic book stores or as demonstrated by subsequent Popes? This is not an attack on Protestantism. I am truly interested to see if my impression is wrong.

God bless,
Ut
Hi Ut,
I would respectfully disagree. The relationship between the Nazis and Luther, and the Nazis and the German Protestant churches has been very well documented by Scholars of all stripes. The more important question is whether that relationship is important?
If in fact, as Shirer states, Luther bears some degree of responsibility for the Holocaust, then does that speak to the credibility of Luther as a teacher of Scripture? What about as a valid Reformer who was working to correct false doctrinal teachings and replace them with doctrines that were Scriptural? At what level of evidence do we begin to question whether Luther was representing God’s Absolute Truth. If the evidence indicates that Luther had much more to do with Nazi ideology and the anti-Semitism of modern Germany than we have generally been led to believe, then would that detract from Luther’s reputation?

Blessings, Topper17

God Bless, Topper
 
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