I am definitely not the person to whom you ought to ask that question since I don’t fully understand what Lutherans believe.
Luther’s Small Catechism states,
Confession embraces two parts: the one is, that we confess our sins; the other, that we receive absolution, or forgiveness, from the confessor, as from God Himself, and in no wise doubt, but firmly believe, that our sins are thereby forgiven before God in heaven.
bookofconcord.org/smallcatechism.php#confession
Taken alone, this would seem to be an affirmation of the Catholic view of the sacrament. However, this is complicated by the fact the Catholic view of the sacrament is seemingly rejected in every other place in which it is discussed. Luther in the Smalcald Articles denies the obligation for Christians to specifically enumerate sins.
But the enumeration of sins ought to be free to every one, as to what he wishes to enumerate or not to enumerate. For as long as we are in the flesh, we shall not lie when we say: "I am a poor man
, full of sin." Rom. 7:23: I see another law in my members, etc. For since private absolution originates in the Office of the Keys, it should not be despised [neglected], but greatly and highly esteemed [of the greatest worth], as [also] all other offices of the Christian Church.
(III.8.2)
This is treated at greater length in the Apology of the Augsburg Confession. On the other hand, the Council of Trent says,
If any one saith, that, in the sacrament of Penance, it is not necessary, of divine right, for the remission of sins, to confess all and singular the mortal sins which after due and diligent previous meditation are remembered, even those (mortal sins) which are secret, and those which are opposed to the two last commandments of the Decalogue, as also the circumstances which change the species of a sin; but (saith) that such confession is only useful to instruct and console the penitent, and that it was of old only observed in order to impose a canonical satisfaction; or saith that they, who strive to confess all their sins, wish to leave nothing to the divine mercy to pardon ; or, finally, that it is not lawful to confess venial sins ; let him be anathema.
(Session 14, “On Penance,” Canon 7)
You can read Luther’s “Brief Admonition to Confession,” which is sometimes grouped with his Large Catechism. It raises some questions in my mind, such as, do Lutherans view private confession before a priest as something substantially different from saying a prayer alone or a liturgical Confiteor? Do Lutherans view a priest’s role in confession as something different from that which could be exercised by a layman? The sacrament of penance often comes across more as one useful form of counseling among many equally valid methods to reassure weak consciences than as a “second plank after shipwreck.”
bookofconcord.org/exhortationConfession.php
The teaching of the Lutheran Confession is obscured by the fact that they too often devolve into vulgar polemics against “the papists” and “the tyranny of the pope.” St. Francis de Sales wrote, “You read the writings of Calvin, of Zwingle, of Luther. Take out of these, I beg you, the railings, calumnies, insults, detraction, ridicule and buffoonery which they contain against the Pope and the Holy See of Rome, and you will find that nothing will remain.”
Just my own thoughts.
Thank you, that is a wealth of information. The ordination vow includes absolving sins. Why would Lutherans practice holy Absolution if a layman could do it? I believe, however that a layman could say the words of assurance, in the absence of a pastor. I need Jon’s insight.