I would like to contribute a quick answer to the OP.
This thread brings back some of my darkest memories about evangelical Protestantism and actually makes me shudder. Authority issues were the reason that my husband and I were kicked out of our evangelical church. So I am following this thread with much interest.
I was evangelical Protestant for 47 years before converting to Catholicism. We believed in a “chain of authority.”
Parents were on top, so they would be our “ultimate authority,” as long as they did not ask us to do (or not do) something opposed to the teachings of the Bible.
Then came the husband–yes, I always found this strange that husband was after parents. It sets up some conflicts in marriages. Same stipulation–a husband could not ask a wife to do (or not do) something opposed to Scripture.
After husband came pastor (s) of your local church. Same stipulation.
Then teachers in the local church. Same stipulation.
And then various other authority figures outside of the Church, like the government, your boss or supervisor, your local police, etc.
I believe this “chain of authority” model came from Bill Gothard’s Basic Youth Conflicts seminars, and NOT ALL Evangelical Protestants accept this teaching.
I soured on it way back in college, when one of my friends volunteered for a short-term mission trip, and one of the old ladies in our church who was a Gothardite came to her privately and told her not to go, as her parents did not approve. The old lady told my friend that if anything happened to her overseas, that her parents would probably completely reject God, and then it would be my friend’s fault that her parents were in hell.
Her parents were non-Christians with no interest in the things of God, and it made no sense to me or my friend that they would have the authority to tell her not to serve God (she was of age, BTW).
The pastor of our church stepped in and sternly told the old lady to back off, that the Gothardite teaching was NOT Scriptural, and told my friend to go ahead and serve her mission term.
Ah, memories! The many conflicts in the evangelical churches! Shudder. Just imagine telling a young woman that it is her fault that her parents are going to hell! Who, really, is in danger of hell here?
You will find that many evangelicals still hold to some form of the Gothardite teaching about a “chain of authority,” in which parents, husband, and then the Church are the authorities. If you look at evangelical Protestant “fads” and “bandwagons” over the years and recently, I believe you will see evidence of the Gothardite teachings; e.g., the fad about courtship marriage, where the parents have the say-so over when and who their child dates, even after the child is over age 18. This fad has crept into Catholic culture, too, and I think Catholics should take a closer look at where it came from and who started it and whether or not it is really a “Catholic” teaching.
I hope this information is useful.