If you’ve studied philosophy and theology, you will note that nothing seems proven “beyond a shadow of a doubt.” Even one’s own existence has been doubted by some philosophers.
Beliefs are derived from three things:
- experience
- reason
- testimony of others
One can reasonably conclude from the preponderance of evidence that Catholicism is true. That is not a proof in the strict sense. In fact, very few things believed by mankind are proven in this strict manner (called “deductive reasoning”). Other forms of non-deductive reasoning are certainly valid, and more commonly used to draw conclusions in all sorts of fields, such as science, law, economics, military studies, politics, philosophy, and theology.
Reasoning called “inductive” is exemplified by the following…
- All observed beginnings have a cause
- Therefore, everything that has a beginning has a cause.
Inductive reasoning is no strict proof, like deductive reasoning is, because a valid inductive argument is not guaranteed to be true. It can be highly probable, based upon the preponderance of evidence, but there may be that one-in-a-gazillion
unobserved “beginning,” for instance, that didn’t have a cause. We simply cannot be absolutely sure in the strictest sense because we have not oberved everything that has had a beginning.
So, the best we can do is state that based upon the preponderance of evidence, every time we have observed something with a beginning, it has had a cause. Thus, we can infer from the significant statistical sample we
have observed, that with great confidence, “everything which has a beginning has a cause.”
In deductive reasoning, if terms are clear, and the premises are true, and the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises (the argument is valid), then the conclusion
must be true.
For example,
- Everything that has a beginning, has a cause.
- The universe has a beginning.
- Therefore the universe has a cause.
If premise #1 and #2 are clearly understood and true, then the conclusion must necessarily be true.
Catholicism cannot be proven deductively like the example above. Nor has Catholicism been proven wrong. Nontheless, Catholicism can be shown to be a reasonable conclusion based upon non-deductive arguments.