I’ve read lately a numer of references to what sound like ancient church documents known as Q.
Can anyone direct me to where I can learn more?
Thanks
Q is the first letter in the German word
quelle, which means “source.” It came up like this:
Matthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic (syn + optic = same look) Gospels because of their great similarities among each other compared to John. One theory is that Matthew and Luke both had the Gospel of Mark when they wrote their Gospels and incorporated a lot of it into their Gospels (after all, why reinvent the wheel?). This would explain why most of Mark shows up in both Matthew and Luke. One problem with this theory is that Matthew and Luke have some similarities with each other that do not occur in Mark – but they also have some differences from each other, indicating that neither Matthew nor Luke had the other’s Gospel when writing his own.
So: if neither Matthew nor Luke copied from the other, how do they have similar passages that are
not included in Mark? Simple: they must have had a second source available to both Matthew and Luke but not to Mark; then, because of the widespread use of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and (later) John, that souce fell out of use and was lost. Biblical scholars have christened this theoretical other source “Q” for
quelle. This is because the theory of Q was mostly advanced by German Biblical scholars (though others have taken up the cause).
Mind you, the theory that a document (now called Q) existed from which Matthew and Luke cribbed while also cribbing from Mark is not doctrine; it’s just a theory among Biblical scholars – and a disputed one, at that.
Hope this answer wasn’t too long. Sorry!