Many Companions of the Prophet used to write down the revelation of the Qur’an on their own whenever they heard it from the lips of the Prophet. However what they wrote was not personally verified by the Prophet and thus could contain mistakes.
But the Prophet was dead when Uthman did his work. Therefore, the Quran of Uthman may contain mistakes. And omissions, because by the time it was collected, quite a number of the companions were dead, so no doubt some material was lost. However, given that at least two memories were required of a verse before it was included, it’s likely that there are no additions to the text. That distinguishes it from the New Testament, where there have been some additions, generally removed or bracketed in modern Bibles, and questions about the inclusion of some books.
Usman (r.a.) borrowed the original manuscript of the Qur’an, which was authorized by the beloved Prophet (pbuh), from Hafsha … the Prophet’s wife. Usman (r.a.) ordered four Companions who were among the scribes who wrote the Qur’an when the Prophet dictated it, led by Zaid bin Thabit (r.a.) to rewrite the script in several perfect copies. These were sent by Usman (r.a.) to the main centres of Muslims.
… Two such copies of the copied text of the original Qur’an authenticated by the Prophet are present … at the museum in Tashkent … and … Topkapi Museum.
Internet myths. The manuscript in the Topkapi Museum is Umayyad, not even Abassid, in origin. The Tashkent manuscript is incomplete and is written in a practiced kufic hand, so it’s not very early. If both were made by the same scribes, they would have the same script.
The really interesting manuscript is the palimpest of Sana’a, which shows us what the very early script looked like. There’s been a study of this published in the last month:
tinyurl.com/2012SanaaStudy
and I think it would be wise to wait until that reaches the libraries. Previous studies have indicated that the palimpest may be pre-uthmanic, i.e., that it does not match the Uthmanic text entirely.
arabic is my national tonque and my first language , what about you ?
I studied Arabic and Persian in the context of a degree in Islamic studies.
one original version were written and approved by the prophet pbuh , it was with the prophet’s wife " Hafsah "
If that were so, Abu Bakr would not have needed to collect the materials for the Quran. The process began then, 20 years before Uthman made his version. It was a copy of Abu Bakr’s version that ended up with Hafsah. Uthman fixed the order of the Surahs and had the whole copied and sent to major centres of the empire, and perhaps made changes to the text. As for the state of the collection before Abu Bakr ordered it collected, Zaid ibn Thabit is reported to have said:
Code:
"...I started locating the Qur'anic material and collecting it from parchments, scapula, leafstalks of date palms and from the memories of men.[al-Bukhari, 6:60:201]
and
"So I started looking for the Holy quran and collected it from (what was written on) palm-leaf stalks, thin white stones, and also from men who knew it by heart, till I found the last verse of Surat at-Tauba with Abi Khuzaima al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him. (al-Bukhari, 6, p.478).
In short, the collection and textual authenticity of the Quran is clearer and less problematic than the collection of the New Testament, and vastly clearer than the process by which the Old Testament books were written and edited and collected, but it is still done over a period, by fallible people. And as with the bible, in later history there were many mistakes made as the text was copied by scribes in different cities but - as with the Bible - these can be detected and corrected because a mistake made by a scribe in one place would not be made by scribes in other cities. These mistakes have largely been eliminated by the Egyptian edition of the Quran and in modern bibles, but there were many centuries in which Bibles and Qurans with many simple scribal errors were used by the faithful. So we know that God did not prevent changes in either the Bible or the Quran. To proclaim something that did not happen, as a miraculous proof of Islam, simply makes Islam the target of scoffing. The miracle of the Quran is the Quran, and not what some people have imagined.
As I pointed out in posting #152, the context of revelation of Quran 4.45 shows that “corruption” refers to the interpretations and decisions of the religious scholars, for the text of the Torah had not been changed (the Rabbi Ibn Suriya still knew that it decreed death by stoning for adultery), but the Jewish divines had decided not to apply it, and as a result, the illiterate people no longer knew what the Torah ruling was, so they objected to what Muhammad said. Those two things together – the rulings of religious scholars, and the people relying on the religious scholars rather than reading the text for themselves and thinking for themselves – lead to the corruption of the message, and it applies in Islam as much as in any other religion.