I have this wild guess, based on the hebrew, that God didn’t exactly mean rainbow.
There are distinct words in the Latin and in the Greek for “bow” (think ‘archery’) and “rainbow”. The word for “bow” is what’s used here in Genesis. The word for ‘rainbow’, which is distinct, is what’s used in Revelation 4:3 and 10:1.
So, we’re left with the (surprising?) consideration that Genesis isn’t talking about a _rain_bow, but a
shooting bow. (And, when you go back to Genesis 9 after reading this post, you’ll see that the text just says ‘bow’.) How can we make sense of this?
Well, I was in a Bible study a number of years ago, and the story was told that, if an archer wanted to demonstrate that he didn’t have hostile intent, he would do so by lifting his bow hand straight up into the sky, holding the bow aloft, signaling that he wasn’t preparing to do you harm.
And so, if we read the context in Genesis 9, we see that this is
precisely what God’s talking about! He’s promising, through a covenant oath, not to destroy humanity again!
So, if we want to ask “what came first?”, we would probably have to conclude that (if we believe this etymology then) first came archery, followed by the societal convention for a signal that meant “I’m peaceful”, and only
then the narrative that we read in Genesis that takes advantage of this understanding.
