Fr. David…I assume this applys even if someone was baptized Catholic but raised Protestant…correct?
Actually, no. One who was baptised into the Church is already Catholic–just a non-practicing Catholic. This is different from one who was never a member of the Church at all. Such a person could go to confession to any priest at any time. Please read-on though because although this could be done, it’s not the right way to do it.
One who was previously baptised Catholic need only go to Confession to receive Communion at any time. It’s not quite that simple though because one also has to be properly prepared and properly disposed for any sacrament. First Confession and First Holy Communion are “special” cases and a Catholic should approach his own proper pastor before receiving either of these–for children, that’s a given because they usually prepare by taking some kind of classes. For adults, that usually happens in RCIA (which, by the way, refers to
any and all forms of initiation for adults–it’s not limited to those who will be baptised at Easter).
What I am getting at here is that before a person receives either confession or Communion for the first time, the pastor has to be satisfied that the person is properly prepared and educated about the meaning of these sacraments, as well as “not impeded by law” (so, for Communion, that means not in an irregular marriage, etc. etc.).
While it isn’t proper to receive first confession or first Communion outside of one’s own parish, or without first talking to one’s proper pastor, it isn’t invalid or outright illicit either. An adult who was baptised Catholic, but never raised in the faith, could (in theory) simply walk up in the Communion line and receive, also assuming that he’s gone to confession recently beforehand. But I caution (strongly) that it shouldn’t be done this way.
For one who was baptised Catholic, but never raised in the faith, it is possible that all that’s needed is confession and then Communion (maybe even immediately). But it’s also possible (and more likely) that the person would need more preparation first.
The difference between the two kinds of situations comes down to the issue of in one case, the person was never Catholic, and so must first be brought into the Church. A Catholic, even a never-practicing one, is Catholic by virtue of baptism, and is eligible to receive the sacraments immediately if the 3 usual conditions are met (properly disposed, at a reasonable time, and not impeded by law).
I know I’ve tried to cram a lot into a little post here. Does that help?