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notself
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You need to provide a second source than the one here. The polio vaccine was developed in monkeys. I haven’t spent the time to check the other claims. Here is a short history of the development of the polio vaccine from Wiki. The bold is mine.You’re welcome. A list of vaccines created in this way is here.
Main article: Polio vaccine
A child receives oral polio vaccineTwo vaccines are used throughout the world to combat polio. Both vaccines induce immunity to polio, efficiently blocking person-to-person transmission of wild poliovirus, thereby protecting both individual vaccine recipients and the wider community (so-called herd immunity).[61] The first inactivated virus vaccine was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk, and announced to the world on April 12, 1955.[62] The **Salk vaccine, or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), is based on poliovirus grown in a type of monkey kidney tissue culture **(Vero cell line), which is chemically inactivated with formalin.[11] After two doses of IPV (given by injection), 90% or more of individuals develop protective antibody to all three serotypes of poliovirus, and at least 99% are immune to poliovirus following three doses.[4]
Subsequently, Albert Sabin developed an oral polio vaccine (OPV) using live but weakened (attenuated) virus, produced by the** repeated passage of the virus through non-human cells **at sub-physiological temperatures.[63] Human trials of Sabin’s vaccine began in 1957 and it was licensed in 1962.[64] The attenuated poliovirus in the Sabin vaccine replicates very efficiently in the gut, the primary site of wild poliovirus infection and replication, but the vaccine strain is unable to replicate efficiently within nervous system tissue.[65] A single dose of oral polio vaccine produces immunity to all three poliovirus serotypes in approximately 50% of recipients. Three doses of live-attenuated OPV produce protective antibody to all three poliovirus types in more than 95% of recipients.[4]