I am hoping to run across some who are knowledgeable about sensus plenior and/or the four layers of meaning in the scripture.
rc,
Are you referring to the Four Senses of Scripture?
There are two main senses of Scripture: the literal and the spiritual. The spiritual sense can be further divided into the allegorical, the moral, and the anagogical, giving a totol of four main senses.
Literal**** - The literal sense is simply what the words mean, what the sacred authors intend to convey. The literal here meaning in a technical sense of what the author intends. This technical sense of literal includes figures of speeck, which convey the author’s meaning just as clearly as nonfigurative language. The figurative expression “she broke my heart” is just as clear as “she made me very sad.” But, we can also use literal in the oridinary sense of the exact, nonfigurative meaning of the word. We discover the meaning of scriptural words by following the rules of sound interpretation. Often this includes taking into account the author’s culture, figures of speech, and literary forms. In the literal realities and events of Scripture, we can often see additional spiritual signs or meanings. But, we must remember: “All other senses of Scripture are based on the literal.” (CCC 116)
Allegorical - Many of the events in Scripture find their ultimate significance in Christ. This is typology: things in the OT signifying Christ and His Church. The crossing of the Red Sea is not only a literal historical event, it is also a sign of Christ’s victory and of Christian baptism.
Moral - The events reported in Scripture ought to inspire us to lead moral lives. As St. Paul says, they were, “written down for our instruction” (1 Cor 10:11). Jesus cured blind Bartimaeus after he repeatedly cired out, “Jesus, son of David, have mercy on me!” (Mark 10:46-52). This real miracle is also an exhortation for us to persisit in our petitions.
**Anagogical **- The events and realties of Scripture can also point to our final end: heaven, The Church on earth is a sign of the heavenly Jerusalem (Rev 21:1-22:5).
A medieval couplet summarizes these four senses:
The
Letter speaks of
deeds,
Allegory to faith,
The Moral
how to act,
Anagogy our destiny (CCC 118)
All biblical pasages have at leasat the literal intended meaning. Some have one or more spiritual meanings as well. Consider manna in the desert (Exodus 16). Literally, God fed the Israelites with heavenly bread until the end of th ier 40-year pilgrimage to the promised land of Canaan. Allegorically, the manna foreshadows the Eucharist, where Jesus - “the living bread w hich cam down from heaven” (John 6:51) - feeds us spirituall with His real flesh and blood during our earthly pilgrimage. Morally, this miracle encourages us not to grumble against God (Exodus 16:203) but humbly trust in His provision. Anagogically, this episode reminds us that just as the manna ceased when the Israelites entered Canaan, so will the Eucharist end as we enter our true promised land of heaven and see God as He is.
People use figures of speeck to make their words more colorful, interesting, and memorable. In the Bible, God speaks to us in human language. Not surprisingly, then, Scirpture frequently uses figures of sppeck to communicate God’s revelation with maximum impace. The average person can normally understand the Bible’s common figures of speeck.
The use of simile, metaphor, approximate language, phenomenological language, personifcation and hyperbole is familiar to anyone who knows a language.