Like the original poster, I, too, disagree with some of the teachings of the Church, but remain Catholic in my self-identification and in my practice. There are three reasons.
First, I am much more interested in what people do than in what they believe. What’s in a person’s heart is between them and God. What a person does in this world–kindness toward others, love of neighbor, helping ‘the least of these’–is far more important than their feelings or opinions. As a Catholic, I try to ‘walk the walk,’ in other words: do what it is I think Jesus said was essential.
Second, I believe in the primacy of conscience. After careful study and prayer, if I find that I still disagree with this or that teaching…I just disagree. I don’t make a big deal out it, or offer scandal by yelling out my opinions, but I feel free, in my heart and in my thoughts, to dissent. That’s between me and God, not me, God, and the person sitting next to me in a pew.
Finally—and other people have touched on this in this thread–I am Catholic because of culture. My family is of Irish descent. Going to mass, celebrating the sacraments, engaging in Catholic spiritual practices…these are my heritage. They offer me great spiritual insight, comfort, and strength. I would not give them up for anything.
There are an unfortunate number of conservative Catholics who would like to put walls up between them and those lesser Catholics who don’t share their orthodoxy with regard to certain topics. Those people are much more like the Pharisees than they are like Jesus, who invited* everyone *to join him. For example, a new(ish) priest in the town where I live told his parishioners that they would no longer sing the hymn “All Are Welcome” at the beginning of mass because not all are welcome. He mentioned gay people in particular, if they were not repenting of their homosexuality. While that may be catnip for some, his church is emptying each Sunday as fewer and fewer people choose to worship there. I can’t blame them.
This particular priest is very orthodox. He also wouldn’t know who Jesus was if he passed him on the road to Jericho.
So be of good cheer. Your faith is between you and God. Your beliefs are between you and God. Do the work of Jesus in this world, ask God humbly for his guidance, and ignore those who would tell you that you are not Catholic because, in their arrogance, they believe they speak for God. They don’t.