Interesting! This was my initial reaction too.
I have to admit I also get a little uneasy when any Pope after JPII speaks about economic matters, especially given the left-leaning influence of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace.
I also found it irritating and obtuse that the Pope can complain in Sardinia about a lack of jobs in a statist, virtually collectivist economy like Italy where people rioted when the retirement age was pushed up to [gasp!] 62 and not connect the dots.
A few things I’ve observed that seem to help with interpreting his statements.
(1) He’s from a South American country and has never been to the USA.
(a) Many of his economic comments reflect the conditions there. When the Spanish pulled out of South America the wealthiest elites controlled almost all the wealth and the means of production. The poor are truly excluded from any upward mobility through individual initiative. No. 53 clearly relates to South America.
Many of his comments about the clergy are direct attacks on the condition of the Church there. The clergy there are too entangled with those classes.
(b) While not claiming he has drifted off the reservation, his thought is going to be influenced by liberation theology to some extent.
(2) Good old-fashioned rules for interpretation of papal documents help.
(a) When the Francis rejects the idea of unbridled Capitalism “absolute autonomy of the marketplace” and those who “reject the right of states, charged with vigilance for the common good, to exercise any form of control” (#56, also 202), we should ask: is that factually the case here? The answer is “No.” OK, then move on.
When, quoting a letter of Paul VI to–guess who–the Pontifical Council for Peace and Justice, he says “the more fortunate should renounce some of their rights so as to place their goods more generously at the service of others” (190), we should ask do the rich here give some of the money and time they have a right to keep to the poor? The answer is “Yes.” OK, then move on.
(b) This is not at the teaching level of a social encyclical. He clearly mentions (184): “This Exhortation is not a social document” and suggests that we read the
Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church–it rejects collectivism, class warfare and stresses individual and collective initiative, competition, reasonable profit, and regulated capitalism. In the same paragraph Francis explicitly qualifies his remarks: “neither the Pope nor the Church have a monopoly on the interpretation of social realities or the proposal of solutions to contemporary problems.”
(c) He mentions lack of economic “opportunity” (#s 54, 59, 209) as an ill, not lack of free handouts. He also twice rejects the idea of the welfare state/mentality (202, 204). And he cites the teaching of
Popularum Progressio that all people should exercise individual initiative as artisans of their own destiny. (190)
So, take the sentence (202) “Inequality is the root of social ills.” In itself it is extremely frightful, sounding like something out of Marx or Vonnegut’s “Harrison Bergeron.” Yet once one realizes that stemming from his South American experience he is talking about inequality of opportunity (not inequality of result) and that in the same paragraph he rejects the idea of the welfare state, the whole thing looks a little different.
When Francis talks about the importance of jobs for the needy I assume
fingers crossed] he means real jobs based on real competence in a real economy that has a real track record of generating wealth, not the rich giving the poor a shovel and paying them by the hour to dig a ditch and then go back and fill it up again.
He says (208): “If anyone feels offended by my words, I would respond that I speak them with affection and with the best of intentions, quite apart from any personal interest or political ideology.” What exactly does this mean? I believe in hope that he means he is speaking to those he may have offended with affection and the best intentions and NOT from any personal interest or political ideology.