Thank you everyone for your replies. I hope I’m allowed a couple follow up questions:
- Does Catholicism have any doctrine of assurance of salvation (like 1 John 5:13 seems to indicate we should have)? If I’m understanding correctly, it sounds like it’s by persevering as you are enabled by the grace of God.
We are assured of our salvation so long as we are sure of being in a state of grace. We have this certainty by remaining in the Church, obeying the precepts that Christ has given to it by means of His Apostles and their successors, and by making frequent use of the Sacraments that He gave to His Church during His three-year ministry on earth.
- What is the Catholic response to the teaching that a person is saved upon belief and repentance (John 3:16; Rom. 10:9, etc.), and the other requirements are acts of obedience afterwards, not conditions for salvation?
My personal response would be, as long as we are alive, we are capable of sin. Unless we repent of each and every sin, confess it by name, and resolve to avoid it in the future, we are in fact worse off than we were when we first came to believe in Jesus. (Hebrews 6:4-6 reminds us that we can only be baptized once into Christ’s death - it is only by means of the Sacrament of Reconciliation - that is, Confession to a priest - that we can again be restored to our baptismal innocence, if we commit sin after being baptized.)
In other words, a person doesn’t lose their salvation by disobedience or leaving the faith, they prove that they were never saved (1 John 2:19).
St. John is speaking here about the heretics - if they had understood what they professed to believe, they would not have fallen prey to heresies, and they would not have separated themselves from the Church.
This is different than someone coming to Jesus with a sincere heart, and then falling away into sin some time later.
But if everyone who seems sincere at the time of their conversion, and then sins afterwards, is having a false conversion, then where is your assurance of salvation? How can you know, until you have died without committing any sin afterwards, that your conversion was as sincere as you believed it to be, at the time?
This is nothing but shifting sand, and not a foundation for a relationship with Christ. No - you have to be able to believe that your initial conversion was sincere, and you also have to be able to believe that when you repent of your post-baptismal sins that your repentance is also sincere - otherwise, you would either have to fall into despair, or else believe that you are made of something stronger than what other human beings are made of, and that you will never sin in your whole life from now on.
The other side of that would be the Protestant doctrine of Perseverence of the Saints; that all those who are truly saved will endure to the end.
Since we believe that no one is actually saved (that is, they have not yet been taken up into Heaven) until after they have persevered until the end (although we can be assured of being in a state of grace at the times when we are actually in a state of grace) this one seems like a round-about way of stating the obvious. We do, indeed, need to persevere to the end. And whenever we sin and make ourselves worthy of Hell, we need to repent and reconvert to Christ.
