What do Catholics believe about salvation? I have heard that if we are asked that question we are to respond with “we are saved, we are being saved, and hope to be saved” but what does that mean exactly?
Soteriology defines three stages in salvation in all faiths: justification, sanctification and glorification. This is true of protestants, Catholics, Buddhists, Hindus, Muslim or even Nihilists.
Clear definition:
Justification is the process of making amends to the deity.
Sanctification is the process of becoming complete.
Glorification is the process of being perfected.
Soteriology, like much in the Catholic church must be weeded out because before it was challenged by protestants, the early fathers had no need to separate these parts. The Church simply does not form doctrine until the challenge is presented. It does not mean the doctrine has changed, but that it has been ratified.
For a Catholic:
Justification is by grace through faith. The grace is granted at baptism, and sealed at confirmation. However, you can loose your justification by unrepentant mortal sin, because by doing this, you “crucify Christ again” or “are rejecting the work of Christ on the Cross.” Grace is an efficacious force from God and is God’s gift to those who believe in Him to specifically reject sin. Grace gives you the power to live a sin free life. Mortal sin is a sign of unbelief and must be repented. This is not works, but renewing our faith and thereby fortifying the force of Grace in our lives. Mary, Full of Grace, can help us live this life.
Sanctification is the process of being holy. “You MUST be holy as I am Holy”, declares the Lord of Hosts. Holiness is the process of removing the bad habits of sin. We see these as venial sins in the life of the believer. Paul states, “Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.” James states, “Faith without works is dead.” It is in the process of sanctification where we work. These are our merits presented before God. Things done in the flesh are wood, hay and stubble; things done in the Spirit are gold, silver and precious stones. At the end of our life, these things will be tried by fire (see glorification). However, we are to work at being a holy people, a royal priesthood and fellow heirs of the kingdom. We are to be working for the Kingdom of God.
Sanctification is NOT justification, nor is justification just a fancy word for sanctification. They are and always will be seperate. However, all the holy living apart from justification means nothing. “Did we not cast out demons, did we not prophesy in your name, in your name did we not heal the sick?”, they say. But Jesus says, “Be gone from me, I never KNEW you.”
Glorification occurs after death. We are first purged (purgatory) in the flames of Jesus’s passion for us. These are not harmful or penal flames, these are cleansing flames, so that we are “refined like a smith refines gold” This heat of his passionate holy heart draw all the impurities from our lives to the top for Him to remove. The goal of all of this is to “partake in the divine Godhead.” “May they be in us, as I am in you, and you are in me, that their joy may be full.” At that time we are fully glorified. “Your worst day in purgatory will be better than your best day on earth.” It is not something to desire, but also not something to be feared. “Do not despise the discipline of the Lord. Because those He loves, he disciplines.”
We must be careful using the word salvation in today’s culture. It was clear to Paul and his readers in their day which part he meant. That is not the case today.