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steph_86
Guest
You are right, “the good ol’ days” were not really so good after all. In fact, it must be stated that no historical age is perfect. Rather, humanity advances through history and each age brings with itself its own challenges.I don’t understand. If there is a crisis within the Church then the Church must seek the solution within, the rest of the world isn’t going to change.
You write an excellent lament, although it’s a little uncertain whether those good ol’ days were really so good, but all things pass, only God never changes.
But if it is more than a lament, are you proposing that we all give up democracy, give up academic freedom, give up all our hard won liberties to be forced to bow to your altar of Tradition?
The middle ages, which span a period of approximately between the 5th to the 15th centuries were not a perfect period of history. On a side note, one can make a distinction between the middle ages properly called (circa the 11th to 15th centuries - I may be wrong), and the dark ages (circa the 5th to the 11th centuries). But these are merely technicalities.
Medieval society was not perfect. Material life was often difficult, brutal, and short. Feudalism was far from a perfect institution. It involved a system of functions and duties that regulated European life all the way till the 18th or 19th centuries. But there was no real conception of the individual human as a person with actual rights. Serfs depended upon the good will of their lords, to which they were held in bondage. Society was essentially hierarchical and every one knew their place.
Despite its warring and disparate character, medieval life was held in check by the Christian religion. The emergence of Christendom, the international and supranational conception of the different political units overlayed by a spiritual and religious purpose that found its leadership in the papacy, took centuries to realize. And even still, this was a fragile or albeit delicate realization that was ultimately dependent on one’s identification as a Christian and of one’s appartenance to the whole, and thus, on an act of faith.
The real genius of medieval culture, in its highest realization, is found in the synthesis, or better yet, the fusion between faith and all aspects of life. Intellectual life, military life, social and political life all found their common end in Christian and religious purpose. Religion was not only the end but also the center, the soul and life blood of society. Men had a consciousness of belonging to the order of Christendom and also of their ultimate supernatural end.
The contribution of scholasticism and above all of St Thomas’ theological synthesis was found in the recognition of the autonomy but also of the mutual concordance between faith and reason, nature and grace. Faith presupposes reason and perfects it, while grace builds on nature and also perfects it. His political theory in fact rested on these basic principles in which were asserted the separate rights of Church and State, but also of their ultimate and mutual concordance towards the realization of the Christian order. As English cultural historian Christopher Dawson stated in his book Religion and the Rise of Western Culture:
Now as St. Thomas as shown, it is quite possible to incorporate the organic materialism of Aristotelian politics into the organic mysticism of the Christian view of society, but only on condition that the state itself is recognized as an organ of the spiritual community and not as the sovereign end of human life.That is to say, social theory and social practice must deal with the part in terms of the whole and not as a final end. (p.177-178)
And it must be said that the new synthesis of the Aristotelian and Christian philosophies involved the appreciation of the new rights of man and of the rational autonomy of nature. It contributed to the new conception of political society as an autonomous order subservient to itself. It also contributed to the birth of science as a distinct province of rational inquiry. And although society remained Christian, increasingly Christian life became one among many competing activities. Increasingly, national life asserted itself, until the unity of Christendom was finally put at risk.
Although the existence of Christendom as a spiritual and religious unity lasted only three to five centuries, it had a lasting impact on the formation of Western culture. It contributed on the last analysis, to the consummate consciousness of the European people as an international order with a common cultural heritage. Although this consciousness was threatened and put at risk by the religious, national and political forces that awakened during the Reformation it was nevertheless maintained by common intellectual and educational methods produced by the revival of classical culture generated by humanism.
But the Reformation definitively put an end to what could have been a distinctly Christian civilization. And whereas the Copernican revolution and the Galileo affair were laying the foundations of the modern intellectual revolt, the Reformation contributed immensely to the secularization of Western culture. It not only contributed to the assertion of the rights of national life, but also to the assertion of the rights of the State as the Church increasingly lost its place as the common spiritual and ecclesiastical authority of European culture.