To put it simply. In scientific research, the evidence must fit the conclusion and the conclusion must fit the evidence.
Contrary to popular opinion, contemporary science has tackled philosophical concepts such as Cartesian dualism. This can be seen in some of the research on the human brain. This research can serve as an example of the importance of evidence fitting the conclusion and the conclusion fitting the evidence. In addition, this kind of research on the human person also calls for an interpretation of the conclusion. The basic interpretation pertains to the particular conclusion flowing from the particular evidence.
At this point, it is necessary to recognize the difference between a particular interpretation and an universal interpretation.
For example. Some of the research on the human brain includes stimulating certain areas of the brain with a bipolar electrode. (“Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans”, Michel Desmurget et al, Science May 8, 2009) The particular interpretation was that activity in the brain is related to the movement of the extremities. This interpretation was supported by the methods and materials used in the research.
Some interpreters extrapolated the paper’s anatomical conclusions to an universal interpretation that the research conclusions ruled out absolutely all possibility of “free will” in all human beings. To back up to the paper’s first two sentences: “A central question in the study of human behavior concerns the origin of willed actions. Where in the brain are intentions formed?” The evidence presented was seven individuals with brain tumors located anteriorly or posteriorly to the central sulcus, who were undergoing awake brain surgery. What the researchers were observing is the functional technique of brain mapping which is used to guide critical surgery.
Can the experience of seven individuals, in critical condition, represent all people, especially those who do not need a bipolar electrode to stimulate their brain in order for them to get off the couch and walk to the refrigerator? Furthermore, what are the conditions for free will to be exercised? Therefore, the limited evidence in this study cannot lead to an universal conclusion covering all people in all situations. Note: the “medical” results of the research paper benefited society.
Continued from post 1329.
Previous posts, 1296,1317, 1318, and 1329 have covered some of the basic principles of empirical science.
What has not been detailed are the methods used in research. Obviously, evolution methods are used to support evolution theory of human nature. This discussion properly belongs in the Back Fence Forum. This is where I am discussing evolution per se.
forums.catholic-questions.org/showthread.php?t=605810
I am not a creationist scientist. However, I was directed to a Christian website (age of the earth discussion) which had a good description of one of the basic methods also used in examining anatomy origins. There is no need for me to reinvent the wheel so I posted the relevant paragraphs.
forums.catholic-questions.org/showpost.php?p=8550750&postcount=64
Eventually, I will add information as to how the described method is actually used in human origin research.
What post 1329 did was to look at the evidence presented and determine that it was not sufficient to absolutely rule out free will.
When it comes to determining the origin of our own nature, it is critical that we re-examine the evidence that attempts to rule out the assurance that each of us is really human. Maybe some of us are extremely smart and lovable
subhumans.
Does the evidence in contemporary research lead to the conclusion that some of us are not really human because maybe we are descended from subhuman ancestors? The population theory of human origin (polygenietic or polygenism)
covers many centuries and many kinds of hominids who intermingled with each other at different times, migrating in and out of various populations.
How do we know for sure which offspring survived as beings the same as ourselves?
Did the migration of many ancient beings change all or some of the basic material anatomies? What is the evidence?
The evidence consists of simulated populations manually designed to describe the genealogy of particular genes out of 20,000 to 25,000 genes in humans. As far as I can tell, this method does a good job, provided that the assumptions used to design the population are in the valid range. The difficulty is that the “valid range” does not include all possibilities which can affect various populations over long periods
of time, such as thousands and thousands of years.
In other words, the particular evidence in contemporary research can provide particular conclusions. But this evidence is not sufficient to absolutely rule out all possibilities for human origin. At best, the evidence can strongly suggest or indicate the exclusion of sole founders of humanity, but it cannot say absolutely that Adam and Eve did not exist somewhere at sometime during the thousands of years of pre-history.
Therefore, there is the real possibility that two, real, sole parents founded all of humanity.
While some may disagree about the use of a possibility, and that is their right, the fact remains that the possibility (resulting in the unity of our own humanity) is sufficient for belief in Adam and Eve when it comes to Divine Revelation as protected by the Catholic Church.