I’m aware of Psalm 45, the Wedding at Cana, the “Woman, behold your son…” scene, the
Woman Clothed with the Sun in Revelations, but that’s about all in the Scriptures that I am
aware of supporting the Catholic focus on Mary.
So just an idle curiosity…is there any other passages in the Bible connected to how
we see Mary as*important, that have contributed to our Mariology? more specifically
parts that are ignored by Protestants?
*Aside from the obvious, that she is
the
Mother of God, of course.

I think that when you list the passages that honor Mary it illustrates how important she was to the Christians of the apostolic age:
Luke 1:28 – “Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with you!”
Luke 1:28 – “Blessed are you among women!”
Luke 1:42 – “Blessed are you among women!”
Luke 1:45 – “Blessed is she who believed!”
Luke 1:48 – “All generations will call me blessed.”
Luke 1:49 – “For the Almighty has done great things for me.”
Luke 1:43 – “And why is this granted me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?”
Luke 1:46 – “My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my savior!”
Luke 1:48 – “He has regarded the lowly estate of His handmaid.”
Luke 1:38 – “I am the handmaid of the Lord, let it be done unto me according to thy Word.”
Luke 2:35 – “And a sword will pierce your own soul also, that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
Luke 2:19 – “But Mary kept all these things, pondering them in her heart.”
Luke 2:51 – “And his mother kept all these things in her heart.”
Mark 3:34-35 – “Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother.”
John 2:4 – “Jesus said to her, ‘Dear woman, what is that to me and to thee? My hour has not yet come.’ ”
John 2:5 – “His mother said to the servants, ‘Do whatever he tells you.’ ”
John 19:26-27 – “Woman, behold, your son!” – “Behold, your mother!”
John 19:27 – “And from that hour the disciple took her as his own.”
Micah 5:2-3 – “Therefore he shall give them up until the time when she who is to give birth has borne.”
Acts 1:14 – “All these with one accord devoted themselves to prayer, together with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers.”
Galatians 4:4-5 – “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law.”
Ephesians 5:31-32 – “ ‘For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh.’ This mystery is a profound one, and I say that it refers to Christ and the Church.”
Revelation 12:1-6 – “And a great sign appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars.” Verse 5: “She brought forth a male child, one who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron.”
Another important thing to note is the Magnificat. In Greek, it is written as a song, and it is one of the only ones in the New Testament. That indicates that the early Christians cared enough about Mary to write a song about her, and St. Luke thought it was important enough to preserve it in his Gospel. That’s a very Catholic attitude toward the mother of the Savior.