I don’t have any formal theological training, so I may not do the best job explaining things. If you would like, I can refer you to people who can do a better job explaining the Church’s teachings. For now, I’ll try my best to make this less confusing for you. This will be very lengthy because your deep questions require deep answers.
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There is a lot of depth to Catholic teachings – and I’m actually barely covering the basics! So my response may be separated into multiple posts as there are maximum word lengths per post on the forums.
If all the teens did stay abstinent, then there would be no teen pregnancies and STD transmissions among them. God gave them free will, though, so many of them will abuse that free will and choose to sin anyway. Regardless of whichever method of Sex. Ed instruction provides better results, we as Catholics must advocate for abstinence-based education. We can’t in good moral conscience support programs that advocate for things we consider immoral like contraception, fornication, homosexual acts, etc. The ends do not justify the means, which is a fancy Catholic way of saying good goals cannot morally be accomplished through immoral methods because the immoral methods would still make the acts intrinsically immoral. So even if these types of Sex. Ed programs did effectively meet the good goals of preventing STDS or unplanned pregnancies, the immoral methods used to accomplish them cannot be morally justified. It’s like not allowing people to meet the good goal of reducing poverty by breaking into other people’s homes and stealing all their stuff.
Even with the the non- abstinence-based Sex. Ed programs, teens still end up facing unwanted pregnancies and STDs. Condoms are not 100% effective and some teens do not use them properly (or at all). If we want ZERO teen pregnancies and STD transmissions, then the abstinence-based programs would actually be the most effective if the teens were 100% compliant vs. 100% compliance with correct contraceptive usage. We’re probably not going to get these kinds of results in real life though because as I mentioned earlier, people have free will and can use that free will to go against God’s ways.
According to the Catholic view, self-defense is only moral when it is absolutely necessary to protect one’s life or others, but it becomes immoral when one intends to kill. The primary intention is to preserve my life if I knock a violent mugger to the ground with the hope of stopping him to give me enough time to run away. If he ends up dying because he hit his head, I didn’t do anything immoral because I did not plan on killing him; it just ended up happening. It would be wrong if I purposely knocked him to the ground with the HOPE that he would die because then I am intending on having him die. The amount of physical force should also be proportional and as moderate as possible; no more force should be used than necessary. For example, if the mugger is on the ground hurt and I have the opportunity to run away but I keep kicking him on the ground to purposely make him feel more pain and suffering, then I am in the wrong for using more force than necessary to protect myself.