Augustine:
Can someone please clarify on why of the reform and why the old order decided to remain unreformed?
I know the story in a very sketchy way: for some reason that I ignore, the rules of the order were relaxed and St. Teresa and St. John reformed it to what it was before, when the orders parted ways. But what are the background and the details?
TIA
Dear Augustine,
Your question can only be answered fully in a long book. Fr. Keiran’s introductions to St. Teresa and St. John are good. The book “Journey to Charith” is also good. I’ll give a few ideas, though. During the time of the Black Plague, many orders relaxed some of their requirements for the simple reason that the plague made life extremely difficult and some changes were needed. For the Carmelites, this relaxation was related to fasting and eating meat. That’s it. (However, in practice, the Plague caused other relaxations.) So, when St. Teresa speaks of following “the Primitive Rule,” she is speaking about keeping the fast from Sept. 14 to Easter and not eating meat.
The main cause of her desire to reform the Nuns came from the lack of enclosure at the monastery she entered. Lack of enclosure lead to lack of recollection and prayer, lack of common life, lack of family spirit, lack of equality among the sisters, etc. A desire to return to the first inspiration of the order lead her to ask for the primitive Rule… Those who remained in the old Order were very good, according to St. Teresa. It basically comes down to the Will of God. St. Teresa was called to lead a reform. Others were called to remain in the Order. It’s the same with Benedictines, Cistercians, Cistercians of the Strict Observance, etc. Or, Friars Minor, Capuchins and Conventuals. O.Carm’s have a great tradition and it isn’t necessary that they follow St. Teresa’s spirit. There is a Carmelite spirit which is independent of St. Teresa.
Also, St. John of the Cross is not a founder or reformer. He had a desire for a reform but St. Teresa is the founder and reformer of the Carmelite Order.
Practically speaking, Carmelite Nuns today are Discalced. There are some communities of O.Carm Nuns but not many. So, most have followed the reform. There are actually more OCD friars than O.Carm…even though it doesn’t seem like it.
I hope this makes sense. I’d be happy to say more if anyone would like.